Bites and Stings

Bites and Stings, an interview with Jude McNally, conducted by Kira Fried.

《咬伤与蛰伤：对裘德·麦克纳利的访谈》，由基拉·弗里德主持。

Introduction. A two -year -old girl is brought to the emergency room with a red mark on her leg. She's too young to explain to anyone what happened to her. Her parents believe some kind of animal bit or stung her. How does an emergency room doctor identify the culprit that caused her injury? Jude McNally is the managing director of the Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center Tucson, Arizona. He studies things that are poisonous or harmful to our bodies. Let's talk with Jude to learn about bites and stings in the desert.

引言。 一名两岁小女孩腿上带着红斑，被送到了急诊室。 她年纪太小，没法告诉大家自己遭遇了什么。 她的父母认为，她被某种动物咬了或是蛰了。 急诊医生要怎么找到弄伤她的元凶呢？ 裘德·麦克纳利是亚利桑那州图森市亚利桑那毒物与药品信息中心的主管。 他专门研究对人体有毒有害的物质。 让我们和裘德一起，了解沙漠里的咬伤与蛰伤吧。

life -threatening bites and stings interviewer what happens first when a patient such as this young girl is brought to the emergency room Jude Doctors look for symptoms of life -threatening bites and stings They're looking for symptoms caused by four possible culprits black widow spiders scorpions insects that fly and sting and rattlesnakes

可致命的咬伤与蛰伤 采访者：当像这个小女孩一样的病人被送到急诊室后，首先会做什么？ 裘德：医生会先排查可致命咬伤与蛰伤的相关症状 他们会观察四种可能元凶引发的症状：黑寡妇蜘蛛、蝎子、会飞的蛰刺昆虫和响尾蛇

Interviewer, what do doctors look for in the case of black widows? Jude, even though all spiders produce venom, most of them can't get that venom into people. But the black widow spider, especially the female black widow, can inject venom when it bites. Black widows cause a burning, stinging pain at the site of the bite. There's not much swelling, and you can't see major puncture wounds. Muscle cramping begins, usually in the area of the sting, and it's especially bad in small children. A child will get muscle cramping all over his or her body. Sometimes the belly looks stiff like a board, and sometimes breathing becomes difficult. Children can also get puffy eyes. We rule out Black Widow spider bites when there isn't any muscle cramping.

采访者：如果是黑寡妇蜘蛛咬伤，医生会观察哪些症状？ 裘德：虽然所有蜘蛛都会产生毒液，但大多数蜘蛛没法把毒液注入人体。 但黑寡妇蜘蛛，尤其是雌性黑寡妇，咬人时会注入毒液。 黑寡妇咬伤会让伤口处产生灼热刺痛感。 伤口肿胀并不明显，也看不到大面积的穿刺伤口。 之后会开始肌肉痉挛，通常出现在被咬区域，对幼童来说症状会格外严重。 孩子会出现全身上下的肌肉痉挛。 有时候腹部会硬得像木板，有时候还会呼吸困难。 孩子还可能会出现眼睛浮肿的症状。 如果没有出现肌肉痉挛，我们就可以排除黑寡妇蜘蛛咬伤了。

Interviewer, what symptoms would you see in the case of scorpion stings? Jude, we have over 30 different kinds of scorpions in Arizona, and only the bark scorpion can be life -threatening. A two -year -old child stung by a bark scorpion will be restless and won't be able to sit still. We'll often see muscle twitching, especially around the mouth. Another obvious symptom is roving eye syndrome, not being able to focus the eyes. And we'll see movement disorders, where a child will look as if he or she is doing a strange dance.

采访者：如果是蝎子蛰伤，会观察到哪些症状？ 裘德：我们亚利桑那州有三十多种不同的蝎子，只有树皮蝎的蛰伤会致命。 两岁小孩被树皮蝎蛰到后会烦躁不安，根本坐不住。 我们经常能看到肌肉抽搐，尤其是嘴部周围。 另一个明显症状是游移性眼综合征，也就是眼睛没法聚焦。 还会出现运动障碍，孩子看起来就好像在跳奇怪的舞蹈一样。

Other scorpion stings cause local swelling, but the bark scorpion causes almost no reaction at the site. With a two -year -old child, we do a tap test. We run our fingers up and down the child's body. He or she will scream when we find the site of the sting because it's so painful. If we look carefully, we can sometimes see a single puncture wound. We rule out scorpions when restlessness, twitching, and roving eye syndrome are absent.

其他蝎子蛰伤只会造成局部肿胀，但树皮蝎蛰伤几乎不会在伤口处产生反应。 面对两岁的孩子，我们会做轻拍测试。 我们用手指在孩子的身上来回轻摸。 摸到蛰伤处的时候孩子会尖叫，因为那里太疼了。 如果仔细看，我们有时候能发现一个单独的穿刺伤口。 如果没有烦躁不安、肌肉抽搐和游移性眼综合征，我们就可以排除蝎子蛰伤了。