The Hard Stuff! All About Bones

The Hard Stuff. All About Bones. Written by Lisa Trumbauer.

硬硬的东西。 骨头小百科。 莉萨·特朗鲍尔 著

Body shapers. Lizards have one. Elephants have one. Even fish have one. You have one, too. What is it? A skeleton. Skeletons are the bones inside animals' bodies. The skeleton is the frame that muscles and skin wrap around. Skeletons give all vertebrates, including humans, their shape. You can probably name many animals just by looking at their skeletons.

身形塑造者。 蜥蜴有一个。 大象有一个。 就连鱼儿也有一个。 你也有一个哦。 它是什么呀？ 一副骨架。 骨架就是动物身体里的骨头组成的。 骨架是肌肉和皮肤包裹住的支架哦。 包括人类在内的所有脊椎动物，身形都由骨架撑起。 说不定你只看骨架，就能说出很多动物的名字哦。

The human skeleton has 206 bones, starting at the top with the skull and ending at the bottom with the toe bones. Many bones have muscles attached to them by tendons. These bones help us move. Some bones protect soft organs inside our bodies, such as the heart and brain. And many big bones have special areas in the center that make blood cells. Tissues called ligaments connect all the bones together to form the skeleton. To learn how bones work, let's take a closer look at different areas of the body.

人类骨架一共有206块骨头，从上到头骨，下到脚趾骨。 许多骨头通过肌腱和肌肉相连。 这些骨头帮我们活动身体。 有些骨头保护我们体内柔软的器官，比如心脏和大脑。 很多大骨头的中心有特殊区域，能制造血细胞哦。 叫做韧带的组织把所有骨头连在一起，组成了骨架。 想了解骨头怎么工作，我们就来仔细看看身体的不同部位吧。

Heads up, press your hand against your forehead, the part of your face above your eyebrows. You can feel your skull or cranium under the skin. The cranium is one set of bones in your body. It protects your brain, a very important and very soft organ. The cranium is like a crash helmet, but it is not as strong. For that reason, you should wear a helmet for sports, such as biking and skating.

抬起头，把手按在额头上，也就是你脸上眉毛上方的位置。 你就能摸到皮肤下面的头骨啦。 颅骨是你身体里的一组骨头。 它保护着你的大脑，大脑非常重要，也非常柔软。 颅骨就像防撞头盔，但它没有头盔那么结实。 所以你做运动的时候，比如骑车、滑冰，一定要戴头盔哦。

If you feel your head, your skull seems to be one piece. In fact, the skull is made up of many bones. The bones join at special joints called sutures. Unlike other joints, the sutures cannot move much. Your skull has 22 bones, not counting the six in your ears and one in your throat. Under your cheeks, you can feel your cheekbones. Your jaw is made up of two bones.

如果你摸自己的头，会感觉头骨好像是一整块。 其实，头骨是由很多块骨头组成的。 骨头在叫做骨缝的特殊连接处拼合在一起。 和其他关节不一样，骨缝几乎不能活动。 不算耳朵里的6块骨头和喉咙里的1块，头骨一共有22块骨头哦。 你可以在脸颊下方摸到颧骨。 你的下巴是由两块骨头组成的。

If you look at a skeleton, you might see something missing from its face. A nose. The part of your nose that sticks out is not bone. Your nose is made of a tissue called cartilage. Touch your nose and move it around. Cartilage can bend. Your bones cannot. You also have cartilage at the ends of bones. Cartilage keeps bones from rubbing against each other. Skeletons also have teeth, but teeth are not bones. Teeth are harder than bones. The outside of a tooth is made of enamel. Enamel is the hardest thing in the body.

如果你看一副骨架，会发现它脸上缺了一样东西。 那就是鼻子。 鼻子凸出来的部分不是骨头哦。 鼻子是由一种叫软骨的组织组成的。 摸摸你的鼻子，晃一晃看看。 软骨可以弯曲哦。 骨头就不行。 骨头的末端也有软骨哦。 软骨能避免骨头之间互相摩擦。 骨架上也有牙齿，但牙齿不是骨头哦。 牙齿比骨头更硬。 牙齿的外层是牙釉质。 牙釉质是人体最坚硬的东西哦。