Deep in the Ocean

Deep in the Ocean. Written by Natalie Rompela. Focus question. How would you describe the deep ocean and what lives there?

在海洋深处。 作者：娜塔莉·龙佩拉。 思考问题。 你会如何描述深海，那里又生活着什么呢？

Deep underwater. Imagine taking a voyage to the deepest part of the ocean. What types of things would you expect to see? Would it be dark or light? Would you see clearly or would the water be cloudy? Would it be warm or cold? Would you see familiar animals and plants or find strange and

在深海海底。 想象一下，你正航行到海洋的最深处。 你觉得自己会看到些什么呢？ 那里是明亮还是漆黑呢？ 你能看清东西，还是海水一片浑浊呢？ 那里水温温暖还是寒冷呢？ 你会见到熟悉的动植物，还是会发现奇特的

Sunlight warms the shallow parts of the ocean down to 200 meters, 656 feet, below the surface. Plants and animals that need sunlight and warm water live there, such as tiger sharks and many species of common dolphins. Deep in the ocean, other animals, including vampire squid, fang -tooth fish, and viper fish, live in water that is cold and dark.

阳光可以加热海面下200米（即656英尺）以内的浅海区域。 需要阳光和暖水的动植物就住在这里，比如虎鲨和多种常见海豚。 在海洋深处，吸血乌贼、尖牙鱼、蝰鱼等另一些动物，住在寒冷漆黑的水里。

Diving deep in the ocean. The deep ocean below 1 ,000 meters, 3 ,281 feet, is freezing cold. The water pressure below 39 .6 meters, 130 feet, can harm you if you don't have the right protective gear. Sport divers wear air tanks filled with a mixture of gases for safety. They also wear special dive computers that help them know how far down they are and how much air they have. Deep divers wear special hard diving suits to protect them from the water pressure. For really deep dives, groups of two or three scientists ride in a small submarine called a submersible. Some of these submersibles have robot arms that can collect samples of water, soil, and small animals underwater.

深海下潜。 1000米（即3281英尺）以下的深海冰冷刺骨。 如果没有合适的防护装备，39.6米（即130英尺）以下的水压会对你造成伤害。 休闲潜水员为了安全，会背负装有混合气体的气罐。 他们还会佩戴专业潜水电脑，用来掌握下潜深度和剩余空气量。 深海潜水员会穿特制硬式潜水服，保护自己免受水压伤害。 进行极深下潜时，两到三名科学家会乘坐名叫潜水器的小型潜艇。 部分潜水器配有机械臂，可以在水下采集水样、沉积物和小型动物样本。

Oceanographers. Scientists who study the ocean are called oceanographers. They often live for months on a ship, working seven days a week and also teach at colleges and universities. Some of them study what sea animals eat and where they live. Others study the ocean water itself. All of them have to understand biology, chemistry, geology, and physics. Biology is the study of living things. Chemistry is the study of what things are made of and how they react and change when they come into contact with other things. Geology is the study of rocks and soil and the processes that shape and change the earth. Physics is the study of the natural laws, such as energy, force, and motion, that govern how things work.

海洋学家。 研究海洋的科学家被称作海洋学家。 他们常常一连几个月住在船上，每周无休，同时也会在高校任教。 一部分海洋学家研究海洋动物的食性和栖息地。 另一部分则研究海水本身。 所有海洋学家都需要掌握生物学、化学、地质学和物理学知识。 生物学是研究生命的学科。 化学研究物质的组成，以及物质接触时的反应和变化。 地质学研究岩石、土壤，以及塑造和改变地球的过程。 物理学研究主宰万物运作的自然定律，比如能量、力和运动。

using satellites for tracking. Satellites up in space can help to track sea animals' travels in Earth's oceans. Scientists tag some animals with electronic sensors to study them. A satellite can track the signal from the tag attached to the animal's fin or back. The signal shows when, where, and how the animal travels. These tags have been used to track some fish that have traveled up to 75 ,000 kilometers 46 ,602 miles. Scientists can use this information to predict the animal's future movements.

用卫星追踪。 太空卫星可以帮助追踪海洋动物在海中的活动路线。 科学家会给部分动物戴上电子传感器标签来进行研究。 卫星可以追踪附着在动物鱼鳍或背部的标签发出的信号。 信号能显示动物活动的时间、位置和方式。 这些标签曾用来追踪一些鱼类，它们的总行程可达75000公里，即46602英里。 科学家可以用这些信息预测这类动物未来的活动路线。