Ramses II

Ramsey's the Second. Written by Danny Reif. Focus Question. Why is Ramsey's the Second known as Ramsey's the Great?

拉美西斯二世 丹尼·赖夫 著 思考问题 为什么拉美西斯二世会被称为拉美西斯大帝呢？

A royal surprise. Thousands of years ago, in the year 1303 BC, Ramses II was born in Egypt. His father, Seti I, and mother, Muttui, probably didn't expect their son to become king. They weren't even members of the king's family. Still, Ramses became one of the most famous leaders during a time in Egypt called the New Kingdom. In fact, Ramses II was one of the most important pharaohs in all of ancient Egypt.

一场王室奇遇 几千年前的公元前1303年，拉美西斯二世出生在埃及。 他的父亲是塞提一世，母亲是穆特伊，他们大概没料到儿子会成为国王。 他们俩甚至都不是王室成员。 尽管如此，拉美西斯还是成了埃及新王国时期最负盛名的领袖之一。 事实上，拉美西斯二世是整个古埃及最重要的法老之一。

Becoming the Pharaoh Several years before Ramses, Horemheb was king. Horemheb liked Ramses' grandfather and made him next in line to the throne. When the king died, Ramses' grandfather became king. When he died a few years later, Ramses' father was king. Ramses was next in line.

成为法老 在拉美西斯继位之前，霍伦海布是埃及的国王。 霍伦海布很赏识拉美西斯的祖父，将他定为王位继承人。 老国王去世后，拉美西斯的祖父继位成为国王。 几年后祖父去世，拉美西斯的父亲成了国王。 接下来就轮到拉美西斯继承王位了。

Ramses II learned the skills he'd need to rule Egypt by working with his father, the king. One surviving piece of art shows Ramses helping his father with religious duties. Another shows Ramses and his father roping a bull. Ramses needed strength to lead his army into battle. Things such as roping bulls and riding wild horses helped him prepare for his duties as king. Ramses became a captain in the army when he was very young. Seti I gave Ramses titles and tasks as a leader to help prepare him to rule.

拉美西斯二世从小跟着身为国王的父亲学习统治埃及需要的本领。 一幅留存至今的古作品，画着拉美西斯帮父亲处理宗教事务。 另一幅作品里，拉美西斯正和父亲一起套捕公牛。 带领军队作战需要强健的体魄。 套捕公牛、骑野马这些活动，帮他磨炼自己，做好当国王的准备。 拉美西斯年纪轻轻就当上了军队上尉。 塞提一世给了拉美西斯领导者的头衔和任务，帮他锻炼治国能力。

Ramses was thought of as an adult by the time he was a teenager. He traveled with his father to gain experience. He also had his own home. Ramses married his first wife when he was about 15. At the time, it was common for rulers to marry more than one wife, and Ramses followed the custom. Many historians think Ramses married eight or more times. His first wife, Nefertari, remained his favorite.

在当时，拉美西斯十几岁就被当作成年人看待了。 他跟着父亲四处游历，积累经验。 他还拥有了属于自己的居所。 拉美西斯大约十五岁的时候，娶了第一任妻子。 在那个年代，统治者娶多位妻子是很常见的事，拉美西斯也遵循了这个习俗。 很多历史学家认为，拉美西斯一共娶了八位甚至更多妻子。 他的第一任妻子奈费尔提蒂，一直是他最爱的人。

warrior and Pharaoh. Ramses was in charge of the army during Seti I's rule. He became known as a brave soldier. Stone carvings show Ramses going into battle with his two oldest sons. Historians think this battle took place in Nubia, a country south of Egypt at that time. Nubia had plenty of gold and other riches, So kings of Egypt and Nubia often fought for its control. Ramses was about 25 when Seti I died, which made Ramses king.

战士与法老 塞提一世在位时，拉美西斯就掌管着军队。 他以英勇善战闻名。 石刻记录下，拉美西斯曾带着两个大儿子一起上阵杀敌。 历史学家认为这场战役发生在努比亚，那是当时埃及南部的一个国家。 努比亚盛产黄金和其他财宝，所以埃及和努比亚的国王常常为争夺控制权开战。 塞提一世去世时，拉美西斯大约二十五岁，他就此继位成为国王。