4 Water, Water Everywhere

Unit 4 VOCABULARY 1 Some of the most beautiful places on earth are made up of water: oceans, rivers, waterfalls, and ice. Read about three famous wet places. Do you like to soak your feet in the ocean? The salt water in the Dead Sea is good for your body. This sea is about eight times saltier than an ocean. You can float on it. It is about 400 meters (1,312 feet) below sea level and is the world’s deepest saltwater lake. The beautiful Hubbard Glacier in North America has been flowing slowly toward the ocean for centuries, carving rocks along the way. It is formed from drops of water that froze billions of years ago. Around 70 percent of fresh water on the planet’s surface is frozen. The Asmat Swamp in Indonesia is home to amazing animals like crocodiles, sea snakes, and Komodo dragons. These wetlands are important because they provide a home to many creatures and they control floods. Also, the plants filter dirty water and make it clean. 2 Listen and repeat. a waterfall The highest waterfall in the world is in Venezuela. wet I don’t like wet weather. I like sunny, dry weather. soak Can you soak these clothes in water for me? salt water Ugh. This soda tastes like salt water. a sea Let’s swim in the sea. float Can you float on your back in the sea? sea level Most people live above sea level. a lake The highest lake in the world is Lake Titicaca. a glacier When a glacier reaches the ocean, pieces break off. carve Rivers carve through mountains. a drop of water A drop of water just fell on my head. freeze When water falls in cold places, it freezes. fresh water Many fish live in fresh water. a swamp Many insects live near swamps. filter Drinking water is filtered.

SONG 1 Listen, read, and sing. A World of Water A world of wonder. A world of water. I’ve been thinking about all the water in our world. A world of wonder. A world of water. I’ve been thinking about all the water in our world. There’s water in lakes, and water in the sea. There’s even water in you and me! A puddle of water. A waterfall. A tall glass of water. I love it all! Fresh water, salt water, water in the sink. I’ve been taking some time to think about how much water there is in the world! It’s everywhere! A world of wonder. A world of water. I’ve been thinking about all the water in our world. Fresh water, salt water, water in the sink. I’ve been taking more time to think. Why do we need water in this world? We need water for crops and water for grass. We need water for plants and animals, too! Everything needs water. Everything needs water. I know that’s true! A world of wonder. A world of water. I’ve been thinking about all the water in our world. A world of wonder. A world of water. Have you been thinking about all the water in our world?

GRAMMAR 1 Present perfect progressive with for and since How long have you and your sister been taking swimming lessons? I’ve been taking swimming lessons for three months. I’ve been taking swimming lessons for about a year. My sister has been taking swimming lessons since March. My sister has been taking swimming lessons since she was nine.

VOCABULARY 2 1 Listen and repeat. a faucet How do you turn on the faucet? leak The water is leaking on the fl oor. a drain That drain smells bad. save People need to save water. There’s a drought. waste Don’t waste water. You should save it. running water Many people don’t have running water in their homes. 2 Listen and stick. Work with a partner. Compare your answers. It’s easy to be a water hero! Here are some ideas you can use. 1. When you brush your teeth, don’t leave the water running. It uses 11 liters of water every minute! 2. Here’s another idea. Turn off the faucet if you wash the dishes by hand. It uses about 40 liters of water every minute. 3. Every time someone uses a dishwasher, 15 liters of water go down the drain. So it’s better to use the machine when it is full of dishes! 4. You can save a lot of water by taking quick showers. A five-minute shower uses 75 liters of water. 5. Whenever we take a bath, we use 265 liters of water. Baths waste a lot of water. 6. Do you tell someone when water is leaking in your home? Leaks use about 230 liters of water every day. You can help. It’s easy to be a water hero! GRAMMAR 2 Whatever, whenever, wherever, whoever Do whatever you can to save water. Save fresh water whenever you can and wherever you go. Whoever threw paint down the drain is in trouble!

READING 1 Listen and read. A World of Water Nearly 75% of the earth is covered by water. There is water above ground called surface water, such as lakes, swamps, and rivers, and water that’s under the ground called groundwater. Water even exists in the sky! That is called water vapor. There is water everywhere. Although we have a lot of water, we can’t drink most of it. Ninety-seven and a half percent of the earth’s water is salt water, which humans can’t drink. The rest is fresh water, which we can drink. However, we can’t use most of our drinking water because 70% is frozen—like the Hubbard Glacier. Also, we can only reach 30% of our groundwater, and most of that is polluted. In fact, we can only drink about 1% of the world’s fresh water. We don’t drink most of our fresh water. Only 5% goes to the faucets in our homes. About 95% is used to produce food, clothes, and energy. We don’t see that water, but it is a big part of our “water footprint,” or the total amount of water we use. For example, we don’t see the water that was used to make a T-shirt. We only see the T-shirt. But 2,700 liters (713 gallons) of water were used to produce it! Earth has always had the same amount of water. However, there are more people on the planet now, and we all need water. If we want water in the future, we must not waste it or pollute it now!