3 Chocolate!

Unit 3 VOCABULARY 1 1 Listen and read. One thousand years ago, chocolate was so valuable that it was used as money! Now we use chocolate every day and on special occasions, such as International Chocolate Day on September 13. Chocolate comes from the cacao tree, which grows near the Equator. After four years, the trees start to produce pods. Farmers open the pods and take out the seeds. Vanilla, sugar, cinnamon, and other spices are added to the ground-up seeds. The origin of chocolate is interesting. As early as 2,000 years ago, people of the Americas were mixing cacao beans, water, and spices to make a drink. In 1502, Christopher Columbus brought cacao beans back to Spain. People later learned how to change chocolate from liquid to solid.And by 1847, they were enjoying chocolate candy bars! Today there are thousands of types of chocolate candy bars. We have milk and dark chocolate in fun shapes, some with delicious fillings like caramel. We have hot chocolate, chocolate ice cream, cereal, cookies, milkshakes, cocoa powder, and even chocolate sculptures! 2 Listen and repeat. an occasion We eat birthday cake on special occasions. a pod Pods have seeds. vanilla Many types of chocolate have vanilla. cinnamon Do you put cinnamon in hot chocolate? a spice Cinnamon is my favorite spice. origin What’s the origin of coffee? liquid Water is liquid. solid Ice is solid. candy bar Can I have that candy bar? type What type of chocolate do you like? filling I like candy bars with fruit filling. caramel Caramel is too sweet! hot chocolate I drink hot chocolate in the morning. milkshake I’d like a strawberry milkshake, please. powder We need to buy cocoa powder!

SONG 1 Listen, read, and sing. Hot Chocolate Hey! Do you like hot chocolate? Put some chocolate in a cup. Get some milk and heat it up. Stir in some vanilla. Add some spice. Sprinkle on some cinnamon. It’ll taste right! I was making hot chocolate in the kitchen one night. My grandma was telling me I wasn’t doing it right. She was telling me about her mother. About how she made cocoa when she was young. She was telling me to sit down, when she said, “I’m going to show you how it’s done.” Put some chocolate in a cup. Get some milk and heat it up. Stir in some vanilla. Add some spice. Sprinkle on some cinnamon. Hot chocolate in a cup. Hot chocolate! Pour it to the top. Hot chocolate tastes so good. I learned to make it like Grandma said I should. I love hot chocolate! Put some chocolate in a cup. Get some milk and heat it up. Stir in some vanilla. Add some spice. Sprinkle on some cinnamon. Hot chocolate in a cup. Hot chocolate! Pour it to the top. Hot chocolate tastes so good. I learned to make it like Grandma said I should! Hot chocolate!

GRAMMAR 1 Past progressive By 250 ce, people were drinking hot chocolate. Was the cacao tree growing in Africa by then? No, it wasn’t. But it was growing in Africa by the late 1800s. We were talking about the history of chocolate when I remembered the chocolate bar in my backpack.

VOCABULARY 2 1 Listen and repeat. a gram How many grams of sugar do I need? mix You have to mix carefully. pour Pour it in your favorite cup. a recipe Do you have a good recipe for chocolate cake? an ingredient This recipe has 25 ingredients! a teaspoon Add two teaspoons of cocoa powder. 2 Work with a partner. Stick the recipe in the correct order. Then listen to check your answers. First, fi nd the ingredients from the recipe. Second, put them in the blender. Add a teaspoon of sugar. Third, mix the ingredients together for one minute. Fourth, pour the milkshakes into two glasses. Finally, decorate them with a little chocolate syrup. GRAMMAR 2 Cause and effect with simple past and modals The boy printed out the recipe so that he could read it while he was cooking. We put all the ingredients on the table so that it would be easy to find them later.

READING 1 Listen and read. The Story of Chocolate The story of chocolate starts with the Olmecs and the Mayan people, who lived in the Americas more than 1,000 years ago. The Mayas had been growing cacao trees and using the seeds to make chocolate drinks for 2,000 years or more. In fact, scientists have analyzed chocolate residue from a ceramic “teapot.” The results suggest that the Mayas were drinking chocolate as early as 2,600 years ago! Some artifacts show people pouring the liquid into cups. The Mayas also used the seeds as currency. With ten seeds they could buy a rabbit at the market. The story continues with the Aztecs, who also loved chocolate and prepared it hot like the Mayas. But the Aztecs added spices so that it would taste better. Some rich people drank chocolate for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Some were even buried with chocolate so that they could take it with them to the next world. Between 1200 and 1500 ce, the Aztecs also used chocolate as currency. In fact, by 1500, people were paying thirty seeds for a rabbit. Let’s continue our journey. When the Spanish arrived in the Aztec capital in 1519 ce, they tried chocolate and hated it. Without sugar it was extremely bitter, so the Spanish mixed it with sugar. In 1528 ce, the Spanish took the Aztec seeds and recipe back to Spain so that they could drink chocolate there. Before this, no one in Europe knew about chocolate!