2 History's a Mystery

Unit 2 VOCABULARY 1 1 Listen and read. Archaeologists have made some incredibly important discoveries—in the desert, in the mountains, and under the ground. Discoveries tell us a lot about the past. 210 bce Over 700,000 men built an enormous tomb for Chinese ruler Qin Shihuang, including this army of terra-cotta statues. When the ruler died, the statues were buried with him in a tomb. Archaeologists excavated the tomb and found over 6,000 statues of soldiers and horses. Each statue is different! 450 ce This female mummy was found in a tomb in Peru. She was beautifully preserved, with tattoos of snakes and spiders on her body. No one knows the causeof her death or why men were buried with her. 650 ce In 2009, this treasure was found in a field in England. Later, archaeologists discovered over 3,500 objects there. Scientists have analyzed what they found. They know when the gold was buried, but they don’t know who buried it or why. Did thieves hide it? 2 Listen and repeat. a tomb Scientists found the statues in the tomb. a ruler I saw the statue of a Chinese ruler. a statue I really liked the statues at the museum. die When the ruler died, they buried him with the statues. bury The mummy was buried in a big tomb. excavate Archaeologists excavated the tomb. a mummy I saw a mummy at the museum. preserve The mummy was well preserved. a tattoo The mummy has tattoos. a cause No one knows the cause of his death. a treasure They found a treasure in the tomb. discover The treasure was discovered by accident. an object There were many objects in the tomb. analyze Scientists are analyzing the mummy. gold They found many gold coins. a thief Thieves stole the treasure.

SONG 1 Listen, read, and sing. So Much to Learn History’s a mystery, and that’s why I like history! Buried statues and mummies, too! So much to learn. So much to do! Excavated kings were found by archaeologists. Anglo Saxon treasure was discovered in the mist. The Terra-cotta Army was found deep underground. Just think what you might find if you look around. History’s a mystery, and that’s why I like history! Buried statues and mummies, too! So much to learn. So much to do! Objects that were hidden can be found by scientists. Pottery and paper, gold and money, in the mist. If we learn from history, wisdom from the past can help us answer questions we really want to ask. History’s a mystery, and that’s why I like history! Buried statues and mummies, too! So much to learn. So much to do! History’s a mystery, and that’s why I like history! Buried statues and mummies, too! So much to learn. So much to do!

GRAMMAR 1 Passive voice: Simple past The Sphinx was built around 2500 bce. It wasn’t excavated until 1925. When were the statues discovered? The statues were found in 1974. The treasure was discovered in a field. The treasures weren’t stolen.

VOCABULARY 2 1 Listen and repeat. a CT scan The scientist did a CT scan. an artifact They discovered an ancient artifact. a DNA test To learn about the mummy, they did a DNA test. a site They found the artifacts at the site. a sample They are analyzing a sample. 2 Listen and stick. Order the blue stickers to tell what the archaeologist discovered. Then work with a partner. Order the green stickers to say how she solved the mysteries. The Discovery. I’m an archaeologist. About fi ve years ago, I discovered a man and a woman buried in a tomb. It was a big mystery! But since then we’ve learned a lot about them, for example: First, we thought that they weren’t from the same family, but now we know that they were brother and sister. Second, we discovered what they ate and drank before they died. They ate meat. That was very useful. Third, we wanted to know the cause of their death. We thought they died from an illness, and we were correct. Fourth, many of their things were stolen by thieves, so we weren’t sure how they lived. But now we know that they were rich. Finally, we weren’t sure where these two people were from. In the end, we discovered that they lived near the place where we found them. GRAMMAR 2 Passive voice: Simple past with by + agent The hiker found the mummy. The mummy was found by the hiker. The divers didn’t find the bottles. The bottles weren’t found by the divers. Did thieves break the pottery? Was the pottery broken by thieves? 1 Read and answer. Complete the sentences. Then listen to check your answers. In 1991, a mummy was discovered by hikers in the mountains. The mummy was over 5,000 years old, but he was preserved by ice. No one knew his name, so he was described by people around the world as the “Iceman.” For the next ten years, the Iceman’s body was analyzed by scientists. At first, people didn’t know how the Iceman died, but in 2001, the Iceman was studied by Paul Gostner, who found an injury to the Iceman’s arm. In 2005, the Iceman was checked by doctors using a new CT scan machine. We now know that he died from the injury. But who was the Iceman killed by?

READING 1 Listen and read. The Amazing Discovery of King Tut Egypt is full of really exciting and ancient discoveries, but the most famous is the tomb of King Tutankhamun (King Tut). Howard Carter and another English archaeologist spent years looking for the tomb. Carter found it in 1922, after someone discovered an artifact with the king’s name on it near the site. Inside the tomb, Carter found hundreds of gold objects, over 3,000 treasures, and—most importantly—King Tut’s mummy. Although King Tut was buried more than 3,000 years ago, his DNA was perfectly preserved. Later, Dr. Zahi Hawass, a famous Egyptian archaeologist, moved the artifacts and the mummy to a museum. Who was King Tut? He was an Egyptian boy who became a ruler in 1333 bce—at the age of nine. We know from the date of some artifacts that he ruled until he died in 1323 bce. Tut was buried with all the objects he would need in his next life. Why did he die so young? The cause of his death is not known. In 1968, his mummy was analyzed by scientists, who found broken bones in Tut’s skull. A CT scan of Tut’s mummy in 2006 showed that he broke his leg before he died. A DNA test showed that he had malaria. Nobody knows exactly how he died. History’s a mystery!