Grammar Handbook

Sentences Sentences A sentence tells a complete thought. Tom feeds the cat. Your Turn Write each group of words. Write“ complete” next to the complete sentence. 1. The dog runs outside. 2. Digs in the yard. Kinds of Sentences Every sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with an end mark. A statement tells something. It ends with a period. Tara can read music. A question asks something. It ends with a question mark. Do you like this song? A command tells someone to do something. It ends with a period. Sing along with me. An exclamation shows strong feeling. It ends with an exclamation mark. We sound great together!

Subjects in Sentences The subject in a sentence tells who or what does something. Our teacher reads the story. Your Turn Write each sentence. Underline the subject. 1. Ann listens to the news. 2. Mom looks outside. 3. Strong winds begin to blow. 4. Ann and Mom make plans. 5. The family prepares for the storm. Predicates in Sentences The predicate in a sentence tells what the subject does or is. Our teacher reads the story. Your Turn Write each sentence. Underline each predicate. 1. Rosa listens to the news. 2. She hears about the storm. 3. Her two brothers close the windows. 4. Everyone is excited. 5. The heavy rain falls at night.

Sentences Combining Sentences: Subjects When two sentences have the same predicate, you can use the word and to combine the subjects. Trina went to the movies. Kim went to the movies. Trina and Kim went to the movies. Your Turn Use and to combine each pair of sentences. Write the new sentence. 1. Shawn sat down. Kent sat down. 2. Brianna wanted pizza. Kent wanted pizza. 3. The pizza smelled good. The pasta smelled good. 4. Kent asked for water. I asked for water. 5. Brianna thanked the waiter. Shawn thanked the waiter.

Nouns A noun is a word that names a person, place, or thing. My brother person left his book thing at the library. place Your Turn Write each sentence. Draw a line under each noun. 1. My family lives in a small town. 2. Our father works in the city. 3. The cousins share stories. Common and Proper Nouns Common nouns name general people, places, or things. The woman drives her car down the street. Proper nouns name specific people, places, or things. Jenny walks Whiskers down Park Street. Your Turn Write each sentence. Underline each common noun. Circle each proper noun. 1. My cousins are going to Mexico. 2. Their plane leaves from Chicago. 3. Lori will bring a camera. 4. My family will stay on Pine Street.

Nouns Days, Months, and Holidays Some proper nouns name days of the week, months, and holidays. They begin with capital letters. Our homework is due on Monday. (day of the week) My birthday is in April. (month of the year) We will travel for Thanksgiving. (holiday) Your Turn Write each sentence correctly. Begin each proper noun with a capital letter. 1. School is closed next monday. 2. It will be memorial day. 3. This was the warmest may ever. Singular and Plural Nouns A noun that names only one thing is singular. A noun that names more than one thing is plural. Add -s to form the plural of most nouns. The large river split into two rivers. Add-es to form the plural of nouns that end in s, sh, ch, or x. This box is bigger than the other boxes. Your Turn Write each sentence. Make the noun in()name more than one. 1. I have two (wish). 2. First, I need new(sock). 3. Next, I want three (book).

More Plural Nouns If a word ends in a consonant plus y, change they to i and add -es to form the plural. My mothers berry pie has three kinds of berries. Some nouns change their spelling to name more than one. Others don't change at all. Singular man Plural men Singular woman Plural women Singular child Plural children Singular tooth Plural teeth Singular mouse Plural mice Singular foot Plural feet Singular fish Plural fish Singular sheep Plural sheep Your Turn Write each sentence. Make the noun in()name more than one. 1. The (child)went to a farm. 2. How many(sheep)did they see? 3. The barn was thirty (foot)high! 4. Four (pony)played in a field. 5. Workers picked (cherry)from the trees.