Unit 02

Unit 2 Page 20 READING Exercise 4 CETTING TO WORK Most people's journey to work or school is usually quite simple – a short journey by car or on public transport. If you're very lucky, you might be able to walk or cycle. Of course, for some commuters it can be more tedious. Their workplace might not be so far from home, but heavy traffic can make it take much longer than it should. Their employer won't be happy if they're late. Suddenly, the commute becomes very stressful, which is not a great way to start the day. However, there are some people who have found innovative ways to get to work. Gabriel Horchler, who works in Washington DC, noticed that most of his commute took him alongside the river Anacostia. Being a keen rower, Gabriel realised that he didn't need to be sitting still in his car for hours, along with all the other motorists. So, he exchanged his car for a rowing boat and two bikes (one on each end). His journey, which now takes him 90 minutes, also helps him to keep fit. Elsewhere in the US, Benjamin Keiffer beats the traffic by hopping on his unicycle and weaving his way through the New York traffic. It's a skill he learned as a boy at circus school. Benjamin says that it's the best part of his day and much better than when he used to travel on crowded subway trains or had to share the pavement with hundreds of other pedestrians who were all fighting for space. But perhaps the most exciting commute of all belongs to Paul Cox. On holiday in Spain, Paul tried out paragliding and loved it. Now, when the weather allows him, he makes the 10-mile journey from his home in North Wales to work by paramotor! However, there are some people who have to go to even greater lengths to get to work. Abdul Mallik is a teacher in Malappuram, India. He teaches in a primary school which is only 7.5 miles from his home. It used to take him three hours to get there by bus, as his home and the school are separated by a river. But Abdul has found a unique way to get to work quicker – he walks through the river, even though the water is neck-high. Once on the other side, he changes into dry clothes and continues to the school. This is nothing, however, compared to Elizabeth Miranda from the Philippines. Elizabeth is also a teacher, but her journey to join the rest of the staff at her school takes several hours and involves crossing five rivers. This means getting her feet and legs wet. It can be dangerous at times, but nothing will stop Elizabeth getting to school so that she can teach her students.

第二单元 第20页阅读 练习4 开始工作 大多数人上班或上学的旅程通常很简单—— 开车或乘坐公共交通工具的短途旅行。 如果你很幸运，你可以步行或骑自行车。 当然，对于一些通勤者来说，这可能会更乏味。 他们的工作场所可能离家不远， 但繁忙的交通可能会使它花费的时间比应有的要长得多。 如果他们迟到，雇主不会高兴的。 突然间，通勤变得非常紧张，这不是开始新的一天的好方法。 然而，也有一些人找到了创新的上班方式。 加布里埃尔·霍奇勒在华盛顿特区工作， 注意到他大部分的通勤时间都是沿着阿纳科斯蒂亚河。 作为一名热衷于划船的人，加布里埃尔意识到他不需要在车里一动不动地坐上几个小时， 以及所有其他驾驶者。 于是，他把车换成了一艘划艇和两辆自行车（两头各一辆）。 他的旅程现在需要90分钟，这也有助于他保持健康。 在美国的其他地方，本杰明·凯弗（Benjamin Keiffer）跳上独轮车，避开了交通堵塞 在纽约的车流中穿行。 这是他小时候在马戏团学校学到的技能。 本杰明说这是他一天中最美好的时光 而且比他以前坐拥挤的地铁旅行时好多了 或者不得不与数百名其他行人共用人行道，他们都在争夺空间。 但也许最令人兴奋的通勤属于保罗·考克斯。 在西班牙度假时，保罗尝试了滑翔伞，他很喜欢。 现在，当天气允许的时候，他从北威尔士的家出发，乘坐滑翔机进行了10英里的旅程！ 然而，有些人必须付出更大的努力才能上班。 Abdul Mallik是印度马拉普拉姆的一名教师。 他在离家仅7.5英里的一所小学任教。 他过去坐公共汽车去那里要花三个小时， 因为他的家和学校被一条河隔开。 但Abdul找到了一种独特的方式来更快地工作—— 尽管河水齐颈高，他还是穿过了这条河。 一旦到了另一边，他就换上干衣服继续上学。 然而，与菲律宾的伊丽莎白·米兰达相比，这算不了什么。 伊丽莎白也是一名教师， 但她加入学校其他教职员工的旅程 这需要几个小时，需要穿越五条河流。 这意味着要弄湿她的脚和腿。 有时可能很危险， 但没有什么能阻止伊丽莎白上学，这样她就可以教她的学生了。

Page 23 LISTENING Exercise 8 & 9 FUNCTIONS Exercise 11 Hello and welcome back to 'The Great Nature Quiz'. It's the semi-final and after two rounds, Dee has three points and James has four. This round is all about migration. I'll describe an animal famous for its migration and you buzz in when you think you know what it is. One point for a correct answer, but be careful. Give me the wrong answer and you'll lose a point. So, fingers on buzzers. Let's play. What am I? Each year I fly about 11,500 kilometres from New Zealand to Northern China. This is not the longest migration of a bird – that belongs to the Arctic Tern, but, believe it or not, I don't stop .... Yes, Dee. Are you a bar-tailed godwit? Yes, I am a bar-tailed godwit. Well done. As I said, what's most impressive about the bar-tailed godwit's migration is that it doesn't stop to feed, drink or rest. Instead, it uses strong winds to help it complete its journey as quickly as possible. And would you believe me if I told you they do this in as little as two or three days? So fingers back on buzzers. I am born in a part of the western Atlantic Sea called the Sargasso Sea and then spend about two years getting to the rivers of the UK. Yes, James? Are you a freshwater eel? I am indeed. Very impressive. What else can you tell us about the migration of the freshwater eel, James? Well, I know that when they get to the UK, they spend about 12 years inland growing until they are big enough to breed. Then it's all the way back to the Sargasso Sea where they lay their eggs and die. Wow, you certainly know your eels, James. OK, question three. What am I? Each year I make a journey of up to 1,000 kilometres across the North American arctic regions, from the forests to the tundra and back again to escape the heaviest snows. My journey is made on foot and ... Yes, Dee. Are you a caribou? Yes, I am a caribou. Now did you know that although the caribou doesn't make as long a migration as the eels or the godwits, its journey is arguably more difficult as walking takes a lot more energy than either flying or swimming. So, at the end of round three Dee and James, you both have five points. The final round will decide the winner ...

第23页列表 功能 练习11 大家好，欢迎回到“大自然大测验”。 这是半决赛，经过两轮比赛，迪伊得了三分，詹姆斯得了四分。 这一轮都是关于移民的。 我将描述一种以迁徙而闻名的动物 当你以为自己知道它是什么的时候，你就会嗡嗡作响。 正确答案只有一点，但要小心。 给我一个错误的答案，你会失去一分。 所以，手指放在蜂鸣器上。我们来玩吧。 我是什么？ 每年我从新西兰飞往中国北方大约11500公里。 这不是鸟类最长的迁徙—— 它属于北极燕鸥，但不管你信不信，我不会停止。... 是的，迪伊。 你是条尾巴的白痴吗？ 是的，我是一个酒吧尾巴的天才。 做得好。 正如我所说，斑尾龙迁徙最令人印象深刻的是，它不会停下来进食、饮水或休息。 相反，它利用强风来帮助它尽快完成旅程。 如果我告诉你他们会在两三天内完成这项工作，你会相信我吗？ 所以手指回到蜂鸣器上。 我出生在大西洋西部的马尾藻海 然后花大约两年的时间去英国的河流。 什么事，詹姆斯？ 你是淡水鳗鱼吗？ 我确实如此。非常令人印象深刻。 詹姆斯，关于淡水鳗鱼的迁徙，你还能告诉我们什么？ 嗯，我知道当他们到达英国时， 它们在内陆生长大约12年，直到长大到可以繁殖。 然后一直回到马尾藻海，在那里它们产卵并死亡。 哇，你当然知道你的鳗鱼，詹姆斯。 好的，问题三。 我是什么？ 每年我都要穿越北美北极地区，行程长达1000公里， 从森林到苔原，再回来躲避最重的雪。 我的旅程是步行和。.. 是的，迪伊。 你是驯鹿吗？ 是的，我是一只驯鹿。 你知道吗，虽然驯鹿的迁徙时间不像鳗鱼或神怪那么长， 它的旅程可以说更困难，因为步行比飞行或游泳需要更多的能量。 所以，在第三轮结束时，迪伊和詹姆斯，你们都得了五分。 最后一轮将决定胜者。..

Page 24 READING Exercise 2 A BRAZILAN ADVENTURE Last year, after I finished school, I realised I didn't really have a plan for the next stage of my life. My mum, who is Brazilian but has lived here in the UK most of her life, had the great idea of sending me over to Brazil to live with one of her aunts for a while. At first, I wasn't sure, but after two months of sitting around the house doing nothing, I began to think an overseas adventure sounded like a pretty good idea! And if nothing else, it meant I wouldn't have to put up with my annoying baby sister for a year. (Just kidding, Nina!) So, I started doing the things I needed to do to bring it about – a few phone calls, a visit to the Brazilian embassy and shopping for more summer clothes! Two weeks later, I was at the airport setting out for Rio de Janeiro. Thirteen hours later, the plane touched down. I had arrived. I was worn out but really, really excited. I've been here half a year now. My aunt and my cousins have made me feel wonderfully at home. I've even got a job. I'm teaching English to children living in some of the poorer parts of the city. I think the best thing about it so far has been learning about another culture. At school I had several friends whose families came from different parts of the world originally. I think I had quite a good understanding of some other cultures, but actually living in another country means you really get to see how life there can be different and similar to the one you know. I've been through so many different experiences here, and mostly they've been brilliant. I feel like I've learned a lot more about the world and also about myself. I'm a lot more independent than I ever thought I could be! I've made loads of friends and I run into several people each time I leave the house. It really makes me feel like I'm at home here. It's also been brilliant to learn another language. My mum never spoke Portuguese at home, which was a shame. Of course, I heard it spoken a lot whenever my relatives visited and I knew a few words, but I was amazed at how quickly I've managed to pick it up. After a few months of hanging out with my cousin and her friends, I'm finding I understand most of what they say and I'm able to take part in their conversations quite easily. It's great finally having a second language and learning it doesn't seem like work at all. I've also become really interested in photography. There are so many beautiful views to take photos of! My year abroad is turning out to be the best year of my life so far. And who knows, I might be here longer, much longer! Page 24 PRONUNCIATION Exercise 1 Moving to France when I was nine was tough. It turned out all right, though. I soon made new friends. How long did it take you to pick up French? About three months. I hung out with my French friends every day, so that helped. Do you ever run into them now? Run into them? I don't live in France any more! Page 24 PRONUNCIATION Exercise 3 Moving to France when I was nine was tough. It turned out all right, though. I soon made new friends. How long did it take you to pick up French? About three months. I hung out with my French friends every day, so that helped. Do you ever run into them now? Run into them? I don't live in France any more!

第24页阅读 练习2 巴西探险 去年，我毕业后， 我意识到我对人生的下一阶段并没有真正的计划。 我妈妈是巴西人，但她一生中大部分时间都住在英国， 她有个好主意，要送我去巴西和她的一个阿姨住一段时间。 起初，我并不确定，但在两个月无所事事地坐在家里之后， 我开始觉得海外探险听起来是个不错的主意！ 如果没有别的，这意味着我一年内不必忍受我烦人的小妹妹。 （开玩笑的，妮娜！） 所以，我开始做我需要做的事情来实现它—— 打几个电话，参观巴西大使馆，买更多的夏装！ 两周后，我在机场出发前往里约热内卢。 13个小时后，飞机降落了。 我到了。 我疲惫不堪，但真的很兴奋。 我在这里已经半年了。 我姑姑和堂兄妹们让我有宾至如归的感觉。 我甚至有一份工作。 我正在教住在城市一些贫困地区的孩子们英语。 我认为到目前为止，最好的事情就是学习另一种文化。 在学校里，我有几个朋友，他们的家人最初来自世界各地。 我想我对其他一些文化有很好的了解， 但实际上生活在另一个国家 这意味着你真的可以看到那里的生活与你所知道的生活是如何不同和相似的。 我在这里经历了很多不同的经历，其中大部分都很精彩。 我觉得我对这个世界和我自己了解得更多了。 我比我想象的要独立得多！ 我交了很多朋友，每次出门都会遇到几个人。 这真的让我觉得我在家里。 学习另一种语言也很棒。 我妈妈在家从不说葡萄牙语，这很遗憾。 当然，每当我的亲戚来访时，我都会听到很多这样的话 我知道一些单词，但我很惊讶自己能这么快学会。 在和我表姐和她的朋友们相处了几个月后， 我发现我理解了他们说的大部分话，而且我能够很容易地参与他们的对话。 终于有了第二语言，学习它似乎根本不像工作，这太棒了。 我也对摄影产生了浓厚的兴趣。 有这么多美丽的景色可以拍照！ 到目前为止，我在国外的一年是我人生中最美好的一年。 谁知道呢，我可能会在这里待更长时间，更长时间！ 第24页 练习1 我九岁时搬到法国很艰难。 不过，结果还好。 我很快交到了新朋友。 你学法语花了多长时间？ 大约三个月。 我每天和我的法国朋友出去玩，这对我很有帮助。 你现在碰到过他们吗？ 碰到他们？ 我不再住在法国了！ 第24页 练习3 我九岁时搬到法国很艰难。 不过，结果还好。 我很快交到了新朋友。 你学法语花了多长时间？ 大约三个月。 我每天和我的法国朋友出去玩，这对我很有帮助。 你现在碰到过他们吗？ 碰到他们？ 我不再住在法国了！

Page 26 Culture Exercise 2 NOMADIC PEOPLE Most of us are used to living in the same place – every day, all year round, we go 'home'. But for some people around the world, home is a place that moves, often across international borders. Here are three groups of people who have or had a nomadic way of life. 1 THE TLINGIT The Tlingit are found on the islands and the shores between Canada and Alaska. They were once a much larger group of people, but the arrival of Europeans in the 1770s brought the Tlingit into contact with diseases, such as smallpox, against which they had no immunity. Many of them died. They have their own language, in which their name translates as 'people from the tides'. Unsurprisingly, the sea has played a huge role in their lives, particularly as a source of food. Their diet consists of a lot of fish, seal meat and seaweed. They also hunt deer, bears and goats, and collect berries and other plants from the forests. Today, around 15,000 Tlingit still live in the area, and although most of them have a much more modern way of life. some are still trying to live off the land in the way that their ancestors did. 2 THE BEDOUIN The Bedouin are one of the most well-known nomadic tribes and there are an estimated 21 million Bedouin in the world today, split into many different clans. In Arabic their name means 'desert dwellers', as they have lived in the dry regions of Northern Africa and the Arabian peninsula for over 1,000 years. Their search for water sources means they are always on the move, taking their herds of goats and camels with them. These two animals are essential to the Bedouin, for food, dairy products and for trading with other clans. Many modern Bedouin have left their nomadic lifestyle behind them and have settled in the towns and cities of the region. However, they are keen to keep their culture alive and organise annual festivals to celebrate their heritage and introduce it to new audiences. 3 THE NUKAK-MAKU The Nukak Maku are a nomadic tribe that lives deep inside the Amazon rainforest in Colombia. For hundreds of years, they lived unknown to the outside world. They were only discovered in 1981. Unfortunately, contact with civilisation meant they were exposed to new illnesses and many died from these diseases. Their land is also under threat from people wanting to grow coca trees. These days, fewer than 1,000 Nukak-Maku are thought to remain there and they are at risk of becoming extinct. They live in very small groups and are always on the move, staying in one place for only a few days before moving on to their next destination. They are true masters of survival and use poisoned darts and blow pipes to hunt jungle animals such as monkeys, birds and wild pigs.

第26页文化 练习2 游牧民族 我们大多数人都习惯住在同一个地方——每天，一年四季，我们都会“回家”。 但对于世界各地的一些人来说，家是一个经常跨越国界的地方。 这里有三类人过着游牧的生活。 1特林吉特 特林吉特人生活在加拿大和阿拉斯加之间的岛屿和海岸上。 他们曾经是一个更大的群体， 但18世纪70年代欧洲人的到来使特林吉特人接触到了疾病， 比如天花，他们对天花没有免疫力。 他们中的许多人都死了。 他们有自己的语言，他们的名字翻译成“潮汐人”。 不出所料，海洋在它们的生活中发挥了巨大的作用，尤其是作为食物的来源。 他们的饮食包括很多鱼、海豹肉和海藻。 他们还猎杀鹿、熊和山羊，并从森林中采集浆果和其他植物。 今天，约有15000名特林吉特人仍生活在该地区， 尽管他们中的大多数人的生活方式要现代得多。 一些人仍然试图像他们的祖先那样靠土地生活。 2贝都因人 贝都因人是最著名的游牧部落之一 据估计，当今世界有2100万贝都因人，分为许多不同的部落。 在阿拉伯语中，他们的名字的意思是“沙漠居民”， 因为它们在北非和阿拉伯半岛的干旱地区生活了1000多年。 他们寻找水源意味着他们总是在行动，带着成群的山羊和骆驼。 这两种动物对贝都因人来说是必不可少的，可以作为食物、乳制品和与其他氏族进行贸易。 许多现代贝都因人已经放弃了游牧生活 并在该地区的城镇定居。 然而，他们渴望保持自己的文化活力 并组织年度节日来庆祝他们的遗产，并将其介绍给新的观众。 3的NUKAK-MAKU 努卡克·马库是一个游牧部落，生活在哥伦比亚亚马逊雨林深处。 数百年来，他们生活在外界未知的地方。 直到1981年才被发现。 不幸的是，与文明的接触意味着他们接触到了新的疾病，许多人死于这些疾病。 他们的土地也受到想要种植古柯树的人的威胁。 如今，据信仅存不到1000只努卡克马库，它们有灭绝的风险。 他们生活在非常小的群体中，总是在移动， 在前往下一个目的地之前，只在一个地方呆几天。 他们是真正的生存大师 使用有毒的飞镖和吹管猎杀猴子、鸟类和野猪等丛林动物。

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