Unit 01

Unit 1 Page 12 READING Exercise 4 Surviving for SEVEN WEEKS Out in the Pacific Ocean, 500 km north of Samoa, lies a small group of islands called Tokelau. The population is only about 1400 people, but one day early in November 2010, 500 of them gathered for a memorial service for three teenagers. No one had seen 14-year-old Etueni Nasau, or his two 15-year-old cousins Samuel Pelesa and Filo Filo, for a month. Their boat was gone, too. When people realised that the three boys were missing, planes spent over three weeks trying to find them, but eventually they gave up. Their friends and relatives wept at their funeral service, believing that the boys were dead. But they would be proved wrong. In early October, the three boys had clambered into their small 3.5-metre boat because they felt like making a short trip to a neighbouring island. They had decided to take some coconuts and water with them, enough for a couple of days. Little did they know their journey would last over seven weeks. Not long after they headed out to sea, the boys lost sight of land and started to become disoriented. Then they ran out of fuel for their outboard motor, and started to drift. The boys knew right away that they could only sit,wait and hope. For days, they crouched in the boat under the fierce sun. Their water and coconuts quickly ran out. Sometimes, a small flying fish would fall into their boat and they would eat it, but this wasn't enough food for them. Once, a seabird landed on the boat – one of the boys leaped up and managed to grab it. They killed it and ate it, raw. At night there were often heavy rainstorms that threatened to overturn the boat, and the boys had to dive to the floor, holding on as hard as they could. But the storms also left a little rainwater in their canvas tarpaulin. This meant they had something to drink. They constantly kept watch for land or boats. One night, they saw the lights of a ship, but it was too far away to see them and they had no lights to attract attention. All they could do was watch as it continued to sail away. After several weeks, the night rains stopped. The boys were desperately thirsty, and, despite knowing the dangers of drinking seawater, they decided to sip some. Then, with perhaps only days, or even hours, to live, the thing they had been desperately hoping for, happened. A passing fishing boat spotted them and stopped to pick them up. The boys were very weak but they managed to stagger onto the fishing boat. They began to recover after having some water and some food. From the boat, Filo Filo phoned his father, who rushed to pass on to the other villagers the scarcely believable news that the boys were safe and sound. Tears were shed again, but this time they were tears of joy and gratitude. Page 13 PRONUNCIATION Exercise 1 1 Simon might've died when he climbed on the ice. 2 Joe tiptoed alone through the snow. 3 We stayed until late; when it rained we went straightaway. 4 When they got down from the mountain they found it was just out of town. 5 The boys enjoyed the noise as the water boiled. Page 13 PRONUNCIATION Exercise 2 1 Simon might've died when he climbed on the ice. 2 Joe tiptoed alone through the snow. 3 We stayed until late; when it rained we went straightaway. 4 When they got down from the mountain they found it was just out of town. 5 The boys enjoyed the noise as the water boiled.

Page 15 LISTENING Exercise 6 & 7 Hello everyone. Well, here in Britain, it's exam time again – that time of the year when thousands of schoolkids sit their exams, and for many it's a very important time because, rightly or wrongly, the results of some exams, like A-levels, will determine whether they go to university or not, and what they'll do next. So, lots of stress around and here to talk about this stress and how to survive it is educational psychologist Janet Greaves. Hello. Janet, the build-up to exams, the days and weeks before the exams actually start – this is perhaps the most difficult part, isn't it? I mean, my exams were a few years ago, but I still remember having sleepless nights. Yes, me too! It's a difficult time in every young person's life. And a big question in the days before the exam is revision – how much, when, what kind and so on. Erm, I have to say that I didn't revise enough for my exams, so I didn't actually do very well. I really regret not taking it more seriously. But you survived, right? And you're doing OK? Yes, that's right, everyone knows that exam results aren't everything. Life is much more than that! But of course, exams are really important when you're doing them. Yes indeed. So what advice can we give young people who are about to take these exams? Well, I'd say don't forget to take care of yourself! Remember to eat regularly and well – that's the first thing. And make sure to get lots of sleep, too. Tiredness always makes stress worse. How much studying should they do? Well, that depends on all kinds of things. I think it's important to maintain a balance – study, do revision, sure, but keep doing things that you enjoy as well. And try to avoid comparing yourself with your friends – some of them will do more revision, some will do less. You have to do the right amount for you. That's interesting, because I tried revising together with my friends but it wasn't a great success. All that happened was, we made each other feel more desperate! Well, yes, that can happen. You know, I think it's nice to revise and study with your friends, but try not to get pulled into doing things in a way that doesn't suit you. One last piece of advice? OK – be flexible! It's good to have a revision timetable and try to stick to it – but if you oversleep one morning, that's OK – it's not the end of the world! Don't feel guilty! Absolutely. Well, I regret to say that we've run out of time. Janet, thanks for being with us. And good luck to all you exam-takers out there!

Page 16 READING Exercise 7 How to SURVIVE in the WILDERNESS Miriam Lancewood, from the Netherlands, has a university degree, but she has no permanent address and no job. She doesn't have a car, or a computer or a mobile phone. She doesn't have a bed, or a clock or a mirror. And she's very happy this way. Miriam was living in New Zealand, in 2010, when she began to ask herself: could she survive a terrible natural disaster or a nuclear attack? Could she live without technology, electricity or other people? She decided that she didn't have the necessary skills or experience, so she and her husband Peter set off to live in the wilderness. They left their cottage, filled two 85-litre backpacks with some possessions and took 12 buckets of food to last the winter. And they've never looked back. Since then, they have lived right in the middle of the wilderness of New Zealand's North Island. They live mostly in a tent or unequipped hut, with occasional returns to a town if their supplies are low – Lancewood sometimes plays guitar and sings on the street to earn a little money. Otherwise, they don't need anything from anyone. In 2017, Miriam published a book – Woman in the Wilderness – which tells her story and recounts what she learned about nature, other people and herself. Life in the wilderness taught her how to manage with simple things, how to be alone, how to be bored, how to be afraid. She also talks about how she had to learn how to use a bow and arrow to hunt with, and the first time she killed a goat with one. Afterwards, she sat and cried because she had been brought up as a vegetarian. She and her husband ate the meat, because they did not want to waste a life and because it provided protein. Meat then became part of their diet. Miriam and her husband Peter met in India. They spent two months in the Himalayas, trekking and meeting people who lived very simply in the mountains. The lifestyle attracted them both and once they were back in New Zealand, the idea of living in the wilderness became a possibility and eventually a reality. She does not for one moment regret choosing this way of life. 'If people don't agree with the way I live, well, it doesn't matter, does it?' she says.

Page 18 DEVELOPING SPEAKING Exercise 1 & 2 Sunday afternoon ... I'm pretty bored. Same here. I think I'll just play some games on my phone. Oh, phone, phone, phone. You know what, Paloma? You're addicted to that phone! You're always using it for something or other. Of course I'm not addicted to it. I could stop using it right now if I wanted to! Really? OK, I challenge you, Paloma. I bet you can't survive three days without your phone. Seriously? Three days? That's too easy. You're on. OK then. You'll have to give me your phone, though, and promise not to use anyone else's either. No problem. You'll never manage to do this, Paloma, and you know it. Oh, I'll manage it, Ava, don't worry. And if I don't, we'll go to the burger place, you order whatever you want and I'll pay. Agreed? It's a deal! I can't believe I'm ... Oh, just a moment Ava. A message from Mary. Give me two seconds ... yes, replied. Sorry about that. Now, where were we? We were talking about you not using your mobile – until you started using your mobile! Oh, you're right! I'm having second thoughts about this challenge. I think you're probably right. I can't do it! I knew it! But we had a deal, so I still want my burger! Fair enough. Give me a shout when you know what day you want it.