Unit 07 Breaking Away

Unit 7 Page 66 READING exercise 5 CHANGING THE RULES A CHANGING THE MARATHON In 1967, runner 261 was just one of hundreds of competitors in the Boston Marathon - KV Switzer. But something was different. The race started and soon spectators and photographers realised that KV Switzer was ... a woman. Back then, there was no rule that women couldn't run official long-distance races - they simply didn't, and many thought they wouldn't want to. When Kathrine Switzer registered for the marathon, she wrote her initials as she always did, so no one found out she was a woman. When she showed up for the race, none of the race officials noticed, so when the starter fired the gun, she set off. But after about six kilometres, an official called Jock Semple wanted to make her stop. He ran out, grabbed her and tried to pull her off the road. Switzer's friend Tom Miller pushed Semple away, and Switzer carried on running. She finished the race in 4 hours 20 minutes. After the race, Switzer was banned from entering athletics events because she had run with men. However, newspaper reports of her run made many people question their ideas about women and running. In 1972, public opinion forced the organisers of the Boston Marathon to let women compete. One of them was Switzer. Later, she went on to play an important role as a campaigner, which led to the first ever women's Olympic marathon in the 1984 Games. In 2017, Switzer ran the Boston Marathon again, aged 70. She finished in 4 hours 44 minutes. And the organisers retired number 261 - no one will use that number again. B MALE STUDENT IN AN ALL-WOMEN COLLEGE Joe Hogan took up nursing as a young man. He didn't have many qualifications, but he started working at a community hospital in Mississippi, US. In 1981, he decided that he wanted to get higher qualifications. He didn't have enough money to go to medical school, so he applied for a course in nursing. One option he had was to enrol at the University of Mississippi, but that was almost 200 km away from his home. He didn't want to move, or to travel that far every day - so he applied to the Mississippi University for Women (MUW). MUW leaders turned him down - as a college for women only, it did not allow men to study there. But Joe didn't give up. He went to court, but he lost the first time. He went to court again and in 1982, after a year of arguments, a panel of nine judges decided that MUW had to accept Joe as a student. The president of MUW (a man) was furious, and many of the students (women) thought the decision was wrong and that the college should not let Hogan enrol. But the college, in the end, had no choice - and Hogan joined. MUW ended up accepting men on all its courses (not just nursing) and now a small number of men study there. The college has not changed its name, however.

第七单元 第66页 阅读练习5 改变规则 改变马拉松比赛 1967年，261只是波士顿马拉松-KV Switzer的数百名参赛者之一。 但情况有所不同。 比赛开始了，很快观众和摄影师意识到KV Switzer是。…一个女人。 当时，没有规定女性不能参加正式的长跑比赛- 他们根本没有，许多人认为他们不想。 当Kathrine Switzer报名参加马拉松比赛时， 她一如既往地写下自己的首字母，所以没有人发现她是个女人。 当她出现在比赛现场时，没有一个比赛官员注意到， 所以当发令手开枪时，她就出发了。 但大约六公里后，一位名叫乔克·森普尔的官员想让她停下来。 他跑出去，抓住她，试图把她从路上拉下来。 Switzer的朋友Tom Miller推开了Semple，Switzer继续奔跑。 她在4小时20分钟内完成了比赛。 比赛结束后，Switzer被禁止参加田径比赛，因为她和男性一起跑步。 然而，报纸对她跑步的报道让许多人质疑他们对女性和跑步的看法。 1972年，公众舆论迫使波士顿马拉松赛的组织者允许女性参赛。 其中之一就是Switzer。 后来，她作为一名活动家发挥了重要作用， 这导致了1984年奥运会有史以来第一次女子奥运马拉松比赛。 2017年，70岁的Switzer再次参加了波士顿马拉松比赛。 她在4小时44分钟内完成了比赛。 组织者退役了261号，没有人会再使用这个号码。 B一所女子学院的男学生 乔·霍根年轻时开始从事护理工作。 他没有多少资格，但他开始在美国密西西比州的一家社区医院工作。 1981年，他决定要获得更高的学历。 他没有足够的钱上医学院，所以他申请了一门护理课程。 他有一个选择是进入密西西比大学， 但那距离他的家近200公里。 他不想搬家，也不想每天走那么远- 所以他申请了密西西比女子大学（MUW）。 MUW的领导拒绝了他——作为一所只招收女性的大学，它不允许男性在那里学习。 但乔没有放弃。 他上了法庭，但第一次就输了。 他再次出庭，1982年，经过一年的争论， 由九名法官组成的小组决定，MUW必须接受乔作为学生。 MUW的校长（一名男性）非常愤怒，许多学生（女性）认为这个决定是错误的 学院不应该让霍根入学。 但最终，学院别无选择，霍根也加入了进来。 MUW最终接受了所有课程的男性学生（不仅仅是护理） 现在有少数男性在那里学习。 然而，这所大学并没有改名。

Page 69 LISTENING exercise 6 and 7 ... and so first of all I want to say the I think travelling's a great thing, but of course a lot depends on you, the way you look at things and what you want to see. I'm used to exploring and meeting new people. I learn so much. Is there, one place that you would really like to go back to? Well, there's a special place in my heart now for India. I found the experience quite difficult at first, but after a while, I found it a magical place. Is it difficult to travel around? It's a large country. So you need to use lots of different types of transports. By boats, buses and trains. How did you travel around? By train, mostly. Trains are very crowded, but I soon got used to that. And the experience was incredible. Some really unamazing scenery. What's about the food, though? I'd love to go to India, but I can't get used to spicy food. Did you have to eat spicy food all the time? Listen. Just go and don't worry about the food. Indian food is wonderful and it certainly is not always spicy. It's a really great place if you're a vegetarian, like me. And different parts of India have very different delicious food. Do people there speaking English? I think I have their different languages spoken there. That's right. For example, Edu and Hindi. But also, a lot of people speak English there as it an official language. But in some places, people aren't used to seeing foreigners. All the same, I throught everyone was really warm and kind even when we didn't understand the language other well. So the people were nice? Oh, sure. I mean, afterall, people are people. There are variety of people all over the world, right? Some, of course, can be cold and unfriendly. But everyone I met was really nice. You have to go to a country with an open mind. One thing I've learned, I think, is that sometimes we get an idea about a country or a group of people and then we start to think that everyone in that country is like that, and really, it's a stereotype—it isn't true. If you really get to know people ...

第69页 听力练习6和7 …所以首先我想说，我认为旅行是一件很棒的事情， 当然，这在很大程度上取决于你，取决于你看待事物的方式以及你想看到什么。 我习惯于探索和结识新朋友。我学到了很多。 有没有一个地方你真的很想回去？ 现在，印度在我心中有一个特殊的位置。 起初我觉得这段经历很难， 但过了一会儿，我发现这是一个神奇的地方。 四处旅行难吗？ 这是一个大国。因此，您需要使用许多不同类型的运输工具。 乘船、乘公共汽车和火车。 你是怎么四处旅行的？ 主要是坐火车。 火车很拥挤，但我很快就习惯了。 这次经历令人难以置信。 有些风景真的很难看。 但是食物呢？ 我很想去印度，但我不习惯吃辣的食物。 你总是吃辣的食物吗？ 听。 去吧，别担心食物。 印度菜很好吃，当然并不总是辣的。 如果你和我一样是素食主义者，那真是个好地方。 印度的不同地区有非常不同的美味食物。 那里的人会说英语吗？ 我想那里讲的是他们不同的语言。 这是正确的。 例如，Edu和印地语。 而且，那里有很多人把英语作为官方语言。 但在一些地方，人们不习惯看到外国人。 尽管如此，我觉得每个人都很热情善良 即使我们不太懂对方的语言。 所以人们都很好？ 哦，当然。毕竟，人就是人。 世界上有各种各样的人，对吧？ 当然，有些人可能会冷漠和不友好。 但我遇到的每个人都很好。 你必须以开放的心态去一个国家。 我想，我学到的一件事是，有时我们会对一个国家或一群人有一个想法 然后我们开始认为那个国家的每个人都是这样的， 事实上，这是一种刻板印象——这不是真的。 如果你真的了解别人。..

Page 70 READING READING exercise 3 MY PRISONER, MY FRIEND, MY PRESIDENT AND MY FATHER In 1978, Christo Brand joined the prison service. He was an 18-year-old white South African boy who had grown up on a farm. Now he was being sent to work as a warden in the famous prison on Robben Island. There, he was told, he was going to work with the biggest criminals in South African history, including political prisoners. Brand didn't know very much about politics/prisoners - he just knew that he was going to work with some dangerous people. And then he met prisoner 46664, a quiet 60-year-old black man who started to talk to Brand and ask him questions- questions about his family, his education, his plans for the future/prison. Prisoner 46664 was Nelson Mandela, who would one day become the first black president of South Africa. 'There was no fanguage I cofour barrier between us,' said Brand, who later worked as a guide showing tourists around Robben Island. 'Like me, Mandela came from a farm. We understood that we shared the same sky and the same air.' The two men got on well and became quite close, although this wasn't allowed by the prison authorities. They had to keep their friendship secret and their conversations had to be short/fasdnating. Brand found that Mandela was a warm and thoughtful person, even a little shy sometimes. Mandela was also a generous man and he never forgot his friend. When he became president, he got Brand a job. One day, at a meeting of important politicians, Brand was in the room and was putting documents on the table. When Mandela came in, he saw Brand, went to him and hugged him. Mandela looked at 5Brand I all the people in the room and said, 'This person was my warden. This person was my friend/teacher.' Brand says that he felt very proud at that moment. Nelson Mandela died in December 2013, aged 95. Like so many people around the world, Brand was very sad when he heard the news. He said at the time, 'Mandela was my prisoner, my friend, my president and my father.'

第70页 阅读练习3 我的囚犯，我的朋友，我的总统和我的父亲 1978年，克里斯托·布兰德加入了监狱服务。 他是一名18岁的南非白人男孩，在农场长大。 现在，他被派往罗本岛著名的监狱担任监狱长。 他被告知，他将在那里与南非历史上最大的罪犯合作，包括政治犯。 布兰德对政治/囚犯了解不多- 他只知道他要和一些危险的人一起工作。 然后他遇到了46664号囚犯， 一位安静的60岁黑人开始与布兰德交谈并向他提问- 关于他的家庭、教育、未来/监狱计划的问题。 46664号囚犯是纳尔逊·曼德拉，他有一天会成为南非第一位黑人总统。 布兰德说，我们之间没有隔阂， 后来，他担任导游，带领游客游览罗本岛。 “像我一样，曼德拉来自一个农场。 我们明白，我们共享同一片天空和同一片空气。” 这两个人相处得很好，变得非常亲密，尽管监狱当局不允许这样做。 他们必须对友谊保密，他们的谈话必须简短/时髦。 布兰德发现曼德拉是一个热情周到的人，有时甚至有点害羞。 曼德拉也是一个慷慨的人，他永远不会忘记他的朋友。 当他成为总统时，他给布兰德找了一份工作。 一天，在一次重要政治家的会议上， 布兰德在房间里，正在把文件放在桌子上。 当曼德拉进来时，他看到了布兰德，走到他身边拥抱了他。 曼德拉看着房间里的所有人，说：， “这个人是我的监护人。这个人是我的朋友/老师。” 布兰德说，那一刻他感到非常自豪。 纳尔逊·曼德拉于2013年12月去世，享年95岁。 和世界各地的许多人一样，布兰德听到这个消息时非常难过。 他当时说， 曼德拉是我的囚犯、我的朋友、我的总统和我的父亲

Page 72 DEVELOPING SPEAKING exercise 1&2 Well, I think you're being unfair. Just because he likes different music from you ... lt's not just that and you know it! Harry's boring and there's no way I want him there. Pack it in, you two. Please! I'm tired of this endless arguing. What is it now? Let me guess. lt's who you're going to invite. Got it in one, Mum. The thing is, we haven't got the same friends, so it's hard when we're having just one party! I'm with Jackie on this one, Mum. Can't we have two parties? How is that going to work? You're twins, so your birthdays are on the same day. And we live in one house. One house, one day, one party. You can invite thirty people - end of story. So, Luke, we've got to find a way to do this. Don't get me wrong, but I think you could be more ... well, flexible, you know? I know you don't like Harry, but can't you get along with him for one evening? Good point, Jackie. Well, I suppose you're right. And listen, I promise you can invite Mary Tanner and I won't complain. OK? That's more like it. A little bit of give-and-take. Thanks for helping us sort it, Mum. Don't mention it. Now, let's all go out and buy some decorations. Page 72 PRONUNCIATION exercise 1&2 Hi, Gina! I'm organising a hiking trip. Why don't you come along? Thank you. Max. I'd love to. When are you going? Next Saturday. We're going to climb Mount Sunrise. How about bringing some friends? That's a great idea! Oh ... I'm already going out on Saturday. What a shame. l'm sorry, Max. Page 72 PRONUNCIATION exercise 3 Hi, Gina! I'm organising a hiking trip. Why don't you come along? Thank you. Max. I'd love to. When are you going? Next Saturday. We're going to climb Mount Sunrise. How about bringing some friends? That's a great idea! Oh ... I'm already going out on Saturday. What a shame. l'm sorry, Max.

第72页 好吧，我觉得你不公平。 只是因为他喜欢和你不同的音乐。.. 不仅如此，你也知道！ 哈里很无聊，我不想让他在那里。 把它包起来，你们两个。拜托！ 我厌倦了这种无休止的争论。 现在是什么？让我猜猜。这就是你要邀请的人。 把它放在一个，妈妈。 问题是，我们没有同样的朋友，所以当我们只有一个聚会的时候很难！ 妈妈，这次我和杰基在一起。我们不能开两个派对吗？ 这怎么行得通？你们是双胞胎，所以你们的生日在同一天。 我们住在一栋房子里。一栋房子，一天，一个聚会。 你可以邀请三十个人——故事到此为止。 所以，卢克，我们必须找到一种方法来做到这一点。 别误会我的意思，但我认为你可以做得更好。.. 嗯，灵活，你知道吗？ 我知道你不喜欢哈利，但你就不能和他相处一个晚上吗？ 说得好，杰基。 嗯，我想你是对的。 听着，我保证你可以邀请玛丽·坦纳，我不会抱怨的。好的 更像是这样，有点互让。 妈妈，谢谢你帮我们整理。 不用客气。现在，我们都出去买些装饰品吧。 第72页 嗨，吉娜！我正在组织一次徒步旅行。你为什么不一起来？ 非常感谢。麦克斯，我很乐意。 你什么时候去？ 下周六。我们要去爬日出山。 带些朋友来怎么样？ 好主意！ 哦。..我星期六已经出去了。真是遗憾。对不起，Max。 第72页 拨款练习3 嗨，吉娜！我正在组织一次徒步旅行。你为什么不一起来？ 非常感谢。麦克斯，我很乐意。 你什么时候去？ 下周六。我们要去爬日出山。 带些朋友来怎么样？ 好主意！ 哦。..我星期六已经出去了。真是遗憾。对不起，Max。