Unit 05 Story Telling

Unit 5 Page 48 READING exercise 3 SO YOU WANT TO WRITE A NOVEL, DO YOU? What's stopping you? Time? Ideas? Self-belief? Well, let me help you. Time: find half an hour to write every day. You'll be surprised to see how quickly the pages start filling up. Ideas: write down loads and then choose the best. You only need one main idea. Start writing and the rest will soon come. Self-belief: what can I say? You can do it. I know you can. Remember, your novel, which will be fun to write, doesn't need to be 600 pages long. You could start with a short one. What else do you need to know? Here are a few rules I always follow that might help you: I always like to start with the plot. That's because I like a novel with a good story. And a good story comes from conflict. Many of the best novels start in a good place where the main character is happy with their life. Then something goes wrong and as the situation gets worse, our hero is thrown into conflict. The plot is then driven by how they can make things better. But in their struggle to right these wrongs the character should learn something about themselves. The theme, which is basically the message that the story is trying to get across, is also important. This is something you should never tell your reader directly. No one likes to be told what's right or what's wrong. The best thing to do is to let your reader work out the message on their own. That way your novel will make them feel clever and they'll want to read your next one! Characters. They're important! Before you start writing, get to know the people whose stories you will be telling. Ask yourself questions about them. Get inside their heads and answer your questions. Don't spend too much time describing what they look like. What's important is what they're like inside. Who are they? What motivates them? Why are they doing those things? And they shouldn't be perfect. They're humans (presumably). They need to make mistakes from time to time, and as they try to deal with the conflict in their life, they should develop and change. Finally, you might want to think about your own writing style – the words you are going to use to write your story. You don't need to use long complex sentences or words that will leave your readers confused (but some variety in words is good!). You can keep your style simple. Think about the people who might want to read your story. Think about how to keep them interested. But be yourself. Write the words that come most naturally. These will always be your best words. So there you have it: plot, theme, characters and style. Follow these golden rules and you'll never go wrong. Of course, though, don't forget – rules are often there to be broken.

第五单元 第48页 阅读练习3 所以你想写小说，是吗？ 是什么阻止了你？时间？思想？自信？ 好吧，让我来帮你。 时间：每天找半个小时写。 你会惊讶地发现页面开始填满的速度有多快。 想法：写下负载，然后选择最好的。 你只需要一个主要想法。开始写作，剩下的很快就会来。 自信：我能说什么？ 你能做到的。我知道你能做到。 记住，你的小说写起来很有趣，不需要600页长。 你可以从一个简短的开始。 你还需要知道什么？ 以下是我一直遵循的一些规则，可能会对你有所帮助： 我总是喜欢从情节开始。 那是因为我喜欢有好故事的小说。 一个好故事来自冲突。 许多最好的小说都是从主角对生活感到满意的好地方开始的。 然后出现了问题，随着情况的恶化，我们的英雄陷入了冲突。 然后，情节是由他们如何让事情变得更好来驱动的。 但在他们努力纠正这些错误的过程中，角色应该了解自己。 主题，也就是故事试图传达的信息，也很重要。 这是你永远不应该直接告诉读者的。 没有人喜欢被告知什么是对的，什么是错的。 最好的办法是让你的读者自己理解信息。 这样你的小说会让他们觉得很聪明，他们会想读你的下一本！ 人物。它们很重要！ 在你开始写作之前，先了解一下你要讲故事的人。 问问自己关于它们的问题。深入他们的头脑，回答你的问题。 不要花太多时间描述它们的样子。 重要的是他们在里面是什么样子的。 他们是谁？是什么激励着他们？ 他们为什么要做这些事情？ 它们不应该是完美的。他们（大概）是人类。 他们需要不时地犯错误， 当他们试图处理生活中的冲突时，他们应该发展和改变。 最后，你可能想考虑一下自己的写作风格—— 你要用来写故事的单词。 你不需要使用会让你的读者感到困惑的长而复杂的句子或单词 （但单词的多样性是好的！）。 你可以保持你的风格简单。 想想那些可能想读你故事的人。 想想如何让他们感兴趣。 但做你自己。写出最自然的单词。 这将永远是你最好的话语。 所以，你就知道了：情节、主题、人物和风格。 遵循这些黄金法则，你永远不会出错。 当然，别忘了——规则往往会被打破。

Page 51 LISTENING exercise 10 and 11 Hey, Lucy. What are you reading? Some short stories by Roald Dahl. The children's author? Aren't you a bit old? Yeah, but he didn't just write kids' books. He also wrote short stories for older people. Have you seen Tales of the Unexpected? What's that? It was a TV series from the 1970s. Each episode was a short story and they always had a surprise ending. Well, Roald Dahl introduced these shows and a lot of them were based on his stories. So tell me one. Are you sure? Yeah, go on. OK, the one I've just read is 'The Hitchhiker'. It's about this man who's got a new sports car and he's driving down the road when he sees a hitchhiker asking for a lift. So he picks him up. Exactly and the two men start talking. The driver boasts about how fast his car goes. The hitchhiker doesn't believe him, so the man starts driving really fast. Anyway, they get stopped by a policeman. Oh dear. The policeman is nasty and tells the driver he could put him in jail. He takes down the driver's name and address and gives him a speeding ticket. He also takes down the name and the address of the hitchhiker because he doesn't like the look of him and wants to check him out. OK ... So the police officer leaves and they carry on. The hitchhiker doesn't seem worried at all. The driver asks him why he's so calm and the hitchhiker explains he's a 'fingersmith'. A fingersmith? Yes, it's a word invented by Dahl and it means he's a pickpocket. But when the driver suggests he's a pickpocket, the man gets annoyed and says he's an expert with his fingers. To prove this he takes off the driver's belt without him even noticing. The driver says that when the policeman looks him up, he'll be in trouble. But the hitchhiker is not worried. Why not? Well, he says that policemen are known for having bad memories. The driver doesn't understand. Why would the policeman need a good memory? He wrote down everything in his book. That's when the hitchhiker proudly shows him the policeman's book that he took from his pocket. Cool. Yes, it is. You should read some of these stories. They've all got endings like this.

第51页 听力练习10和11 嘿，露西。你在看什么？ 罗尔德·达尔的一些短篇小说。 儿童作家？你是不是有点老了？ 是的，但他不仅仅写儿童读物。 他还为老年人写短篇小说。 你看过《意外的故事》吗？ 那是什么？ 这是一部20世纪70年代的电视剧。 每一集都是一个短篇故事，结局总是出人意料。 罗尔德·达尔介绍了这些节目，其中很多都是根据他的故事改编的。 那么，告诉我一个。 你确定吗？好的，请继续。 好的，我刚刚读到的是《搭便车》。 这是关于这个有一辆新跑车的人 当他在路上开车时，他看到一个搭便车的人要搭便车。于是，他把他抱了起来。 确实如此，两人开始交谈。 司机吹嘘他的车开得有多快。 搭便车的人不相信他，所以那人开始开得很快。 不管怎样，他们被警察拦住了。 哦，天哪。警察很卑鄙，告诉司机他可以把他关进监狱。 他记下司机的姓名和地址，并给了他一张超速罚单。 他还记下了搭便车者的姓名和地址 因为他不喜欢他的样子，想看看他。 好的..所以警察离开了，他们继续前进。 搭便车的人似乎一点也不担心。 司机问他为什么这么冷静，搭便车的人解释说他是个“指匠”。 一个指匠？ 是的，这个词是达尔发明的，意思是他是个扒手。 但当司机暗示他是个扒手时， 那人很生气，说他是个专家。 为了证明这一点，他甚至没有注意到就摘下了安全带。 司机说，当警察来找他时，他会有麻烦的。 但搭便车的人并不担心。 为什么不呢？嗯，他说警察以记忆力差而闻名。 司机不明白。为什么警察需要记忆力好？ 他把一切都写在书上。 就在那时，搭便车的人自豪地向他展示了他从口袋里拿出来的警察书。 太酷了！是的。 你应该读一些这些故事。他们都有这样的结局。

Page 52 READING exercise 3 THERE ARE ALWAYS TWO SIDES TO AN ARGUMENT BOOKS ARE ALWAYS BETTER THAN THEIR FILMS. When you read a book, you can imagine it all in your head: what the characters look like, where the action takes place – that sort of thing. Then when you see the film, you can compare your ideas with those of the director, which is always interesting. If you see the film first, you don't get to use your own imagination because you just see things the way they were in the film. It's a shame and I don't really see the point in doing it. For example, I read The Lord of the Rings and had all these wonderful images in my head. When I saw the films, which were directed by the great Peter Jackson, some of it was quite different from how I had imagined it, but it didn't matter. His visions were so brilliant and I wasn't disappointed. It doesn't always work like that, though. Sometimes the film version can be a real disappointment. I saw The Maze Runner a few weeks ago. I loved that book, but the film just wasn't right for me. In my opinion, the characters were all wrong and they'd changed some of my favourite bits. I didn't bother to see the other films in the series. I didn't want to spoil my own personal memories of the books. I hardly ever read books, so I nearly always see the film first. I think it's probably because I'm a bit lazy. It takes me weeks to finish a book whereas I can watch the film in 90 minutes, which leaves me time to do other things. But sometimes I enjoy a film so much that it makes me want to go and read the book. I love fantasy and science fiction stories and so I did that with The Hunger Games series. The films were amazing, so I went out and bought the books. It took me a bit of time to get through them, but they were worth the time and effort. I really enjoyed them, even though I knew what was going to happen. It was also quite interesting seeing where the film and book were a bit different. When our teacher asks us to read books for school, I always see if I can get a film of the book first. That helps me get into the books, which are often quite difficult. If I already know what the story is about, it helps me understand better when I'm reading. I did this with Lord of the Flies and The Jungle Book. Seeing the films first really helped me enjoy the books more. Page 53 VOCABULARY exercise 10 A historical novel B romantic novel C biography (auto)biography D horror story E fantasy novel F crime novel G science fiction novel

第52页 阅读练习3 争论总是有两面的 书总是比电影好。 当你读一本书时，你可以在脑海中想象这一切： 角色长什么样，动作发生在哪里&诸如此类。 然后，当你看这部电影时，你可以将你的想法与导演的想法进行比较，这总是很有趣。 如果你先看这部电影，你就无法发挥自己的想象力 因为你只会看到电影里的样子。 这很遗憾，我真的不认为这样做有什么意义。 例如，我读了《指环王》，脑海中浮现了所有这些美妙的画面。 当我看到伟大的彼得·杰克逊执导的电影时， 其中一些与我想象的完全不同，但这并不重要。 他的愿景如此辉煌，我并不失望。 不过，事情并不总是这样。 有时，电影版本可能会令人失望。 几周前我看了《迷宫赛跑者》。 我喜欢那本书，但这部电影不适合我。 在我看来，这些角色都错了，他们改变了我最喜欢的一些片段。 我没有费心去看这个系列的其他电影。 我不想破坏我对这些书的个人记忆。 我几乎从不读书，所以我几乎总是先看电影。 我想这可能是因为我有点懒。 读完一本书需要几周的时间，而我可以在90分钟内看完这部电影， 这让我有时间做其他事情。 但有时我非常喜欢一部电影，以至于它让我想去读这本书。 我喜欢幻想和科幻故事，所以我在《饥饿游戏》系列中做到了这一点。 这些电影太棒了，所以我出去买了书。 我花了一点时间才读完，但这些都是值得的。 我真的很喜欢它们，尽管我知道会发生什么。 看到电影和书的不同之处也很有趣。 当我们的老师要求我们为学校读书时， 我总是先看看能不能拍一部这本书的电影。 这有助于我进入书籍，这些书籍往往很难。 如果我已经知道这个故事是关于什么的，这有助于我在阅读时更好地理解。 我在《蝇王》和《丛林之书》中做到了这一点。 先看电影真的让我更喜欢这些书。 第53页 词汇练习10 历史小说 B浪漫小说 C传记（汽车）传记 D恐怖故事 E奇幻小说 F犯罪小说 G科幻小说

Page 54 Culture exercise 2 Storytelling in the Caribbean Stroytelling plays a big part in the childhood of most people growing up on the Caribbean Islands. It is a tradition that was brought over from Africa by their ancestors many years ago and is a way of keeping their shared culture alive. The stories are a way of remembering the past and making sure it's not forgotten in the future. And despite the modern distractions of television and video games, many Caribbean families still gather on the steps outside their homes, with the full moon in the sky and the wind blowing gently through the palm trees, to hear stories that they have already heard many times before. The storyteller has an important position in Caribbean society. But it is not an art that is learned quickly. Good storytellers take years to perfect their performances. First, they must collect a catalogue of good stories, which are often short and simple and should work well for people of all ages. They must then practise these on family members to test out their material before moving on to larger crowds in local community centres. From there they may choose to become travelling storytellers and move from town to town looking for new audiences to share their tales with. And the very best storytellers make it onto the international stage and travel the world. More recently many storytellers have started using film to reach even more people. With many Caribbean islands and people originating from many African countries, there are lots of types of stories to be told. One common feature though is the performance tradition known as 'crick crack'. Although this may differ a little in each country, the basic idea is that the audience participates in the storytelling. For example, in St Lucia, where stories are usually told in French, the storyteller (known as the 'conteur') announces that he or she wants to tell a story by shouting out 'Crick! and the audience show they want to listen by responding 'Crack!' Throughout the performance, the storyteller continues to involve the audience by inviting them to answer questions and riddles and to make comments. In this way, the storyteller and the audience become an almost equally important part of the whole experience. But as well as the many traditional tales and myths there are to be told, storytellers also create their own characters, and the most successful of these have become part of cultural life. One of the most famous storytellers in the West Indies is Paul Keens-Douglas, who was born in Trinidad but grew up in Grenada. Probably his most popular character, Tanti Merle, is known throughout the region and appears in many of his stories. Tanti Merle is a woman who is not afraid to say what she thinks and Keens-Douglas uses her as a lovable comic figure to make comments on everyday life in the Caribbean. Page 55 PRONUNCIATION exercise 1 and 2 Ireland's a nation with famous traditions. My neighbour's a brilliant classical musician. The monster's a villain who frightens the children. Page 55 PRONUNCIATION exercise 3 Ireland's a nation with famous traditions. My neighbour's a brilliant classical musician. The monster's a villain who frightens the children. Page 55 SPEAKING exercise 7 and FUNCTIONS exercise 8 The strangest thing happened to me the other day. What? I woke up with this song in my head and I couldn't stop singing it all day long. It was really annoying. What was it? That was the annoying thing. It was a song I knew, but I couldn't remember what it was. I even sang it to a few of my friends, but they didn't know what it was either. So what was so strange about that? Well, let me finish ... I got home from school (with the song still in my head) and I went upstairs to do my homework. I decided to put on the radio to try and forget the song, and you'll never believe what they were playing! Go on. They were playing the song that I'd been singing all day! So you'd just been singing a pop song that you'd forgotten the name of. Yes, but the strange thing is that it wasn't a pop song from now. It was some obscure song from the 1980s that you never hear any more. It was a song that my dad used to play when I was really small. I hadn't heard it for years. And they were playing it on the radio! What are the chances? Yes, that is pretty weird.

第54页 文化练习2 加勒比地区的故事 Stroytelling在大多数在加勒比群岛长大的人的童年中起着重要作用。 这是他们的祖先多年前从非洲带来的传统 这是保持他们共同文化活力的一种方式。 这些故事是一种记住过去并确保将来不会忘记的方式。 尽管现代电视和电子游戏让人分心， 许多加勒比海家庭仍然聚集在家外的台阶上， 满月高悬，风轻轻吹过棕榈树， 听他们以前听过很多次的故事。 讲故事的人在加勒比社会中占有重要地位。 但这不是一门学得很快的艺术。 优秀的说书人需要数年时间来完善他们的表演。 首先，他们必须收集一份好故事目录， 它们通常简短明了，适合所有年龄段的人。 然后，他们必须在家庭成员身上练习这些，以测试他们的材料 然后转向当地社区中心的更多人群。 从那里，他们可以选择成为旅行说书人 从一个城镇搬到另一个城镇，寻找新的观众来分享他们的故事。 最优秀的说书人登上国际舞台，周游世界。 最近，许多讲故事的人开始使用电影来接触更多的人。 由于许多加勒比岛屿和来自许多非洲国家的人， 有很多类型的故事可以讲。 不过，一个共同的特征是被称为“蟋蟀裂纹”的表演传统。 虽然这在每个国家可能略有不同， 其基本思想是观众参与故事的讲述。 例如，在圣卢西亚，故事通常用法语讲述，讲故事的人（被称为“contur”） 通过大喊“克里克！ 观众们通过回应“Crack！”来表明他们想听 在整个表演过程中，讲故事的人继续让观众参与进来 邀请他们回答问题和谜语并发表评论。 通过这种方式，讲故事的人和观众成为整个体验中几乎同样重要的一部分。 但除了许多传统故事和神话之外， 讲故事的人也会创造自己的角色， 其中最成功的已经成为文化生活的一部分。 西印度群岛最著名的说书人之一是Paul Keens Douglas， 他出生在特立尼达，但在格林纳达长大。 可能是他最受欢迎的角色，坦蒂·梅尔， 他在整个地区都很有名，并出现在他的许多故事中。 坦蒂·梅尔是一个不害怕说出自己想法的女人 Keens Douglas用她作为一个可爱的喜剧人物，对加勒比海的日常生活进行评论。 第55页 项目练习1和2 爱尔兰是一个有着著名传统的国家。 我的邻居是一位杰出的古典音乐家。 怪物是个让孩子们害怕的恶棍。 第55页 拨款练习3 爱尔兰是一个有着著名传统的国家。 我的邻居是一位杰出的古典音乐家。 怪物是个让孩子们害怕的恶棍。 第55页 演讲练习7和功能练习8 前几天我遇到了最奇怪的事情。 什么？ 我醒来时脑子里就有这首歌，整天都在唱。 这真的很烦人。 那是什么？ 那是件烦人的事。 这是一首我知道的歌，但我不记得是什么了。 我甚至给几个朋友唱了这首歌，但他们也不知道是什么。 那有什么奇怪的？ 好吧，让我说完。.. 我放学回家（这首歌还在我脑海里），然后上楼做作业。 我决定打开收音机，试着忘记这首歌， 你永远不会相信他们在玩什么！ 去吧。 他们正在播放我唱了一整天的歌！ 所以你刚刚唱了一首你忘了名字的流行歌曲。 是的，但奇怪的是，这首歌从现在起就不是流行歌曲了。 这是一首20世纪80年代的晦涩歌曲，你再也听不到了。 这是我小时候爸爸经常唱的一首歌。 我已经很多年没听过了。 他们在收音机里播放它！ 机会有多大？ 是的，这很奇怪。