Unit 10 Money

Unit 10 Page 92 READING exercise 2 MONEY: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE Thousands of years ago, people started using metal coins as money to buy and sell things. But the coins were heavy, so paper money was invented. Different payment systems evolved through time and now we also use credit and debit cards. These cards often have to be put into a machine and then a PIN has to be tapped in – but that practice is disappearing with contactless cards and smartphone apps becoming more and more popular. So, cash has mostly been replaced by alternative payment methods. And things don't stop there: it's possible that some countries will soon be completely cashless. For example, it's predicted that no one in Sweden will be using cash at all by about 2025. So, what is the future of money? Twenty years from now, will we still be using cash? The answer is undeniably no. And it's highly likely that bank cards are on their way out as well. This is happening already: the use of smartphones, smartwatches and electronic wristbands has allowed people, in many situations, to avoid using cash or cards. Some apps let us transfer money from phone to phone like a text message, which makes it a quick and easy way to repay a friend if you owe them money. Increasingly, people are making 'invisible' payments for things like car rides – you choose a car, you take the ride, the money automatically comes out of your registered card. You can even include a tip for your driver this way! Perhaps we will soon be doing this in places like supermarkets, too – you'll get your goods, a reader will record the details of what you've bought as you leave and the amount will be taken automatically from your account. And if you need a refund, the money is put back in your account as easily as it was taken out. Worry-free shopping. No machines or long check-out queues. No more heavy wallets or purses. This all sounds very positive, but there are possible disadvantages, too. Technological advancement, as we all know, brings many positives but also forces us to consider other matters. Will fraud, especially online, get easier? And as our money systems become more dependent on computers, how can we make sure that the computers don't fail? Security might get better as we increase our use of things like fingerprint and face identification, but will they be used to invade our privacy by gathering information about our movements? By far, that's the most important question. Questions like these won't go away easily. We are in a state of change, and there are many different future possibilities. Perhaps unimagined payment methods will be developed. It will be interesting to see how things move forward, but one thing is for sure – in 20 years' time, we won't be buying, selling and paying the same way that we do now.

第十单元 第92页 阅读练习2 货币：过去、现在和未来 数千年前，人们开始使用金属硬币作为买卖货币。 但是硬币很重，所以发明了纸币。 随着时间的推移，不同的支付系统不断发展，现在我们也使用信用卡和借记卡。 这些卡通常必须放入机器中，然后必须输入PIN码—— 但随着非接触式卡和智能手机应用程序越来越受欢迎，这种做法正在消失。 因此，现金大多已被其他支付方式所取代。 事情并不止于此：一些国家可能很快就会完全无现金。 例如，据预测，到2025年左右，瑞典将没有人使用现金。 那么，货币的未来是什么？ 二十年后，我们还会用现金吗？ 答案无疑是否定的。 银行卡也很有可能被淘汰。 这已经发生了： 智能手机、智能手表和电子腕带的使用使人们， 在许多情况下，避免使用现金或卡片。 有些应用程序允许我们像短信一样在手机间转账， 如果你欠朋友钱，这是一种快速简单的还款方式。 人们越来越多地为乘车等事情进行“隐形”支付—— 你选择一辆车，你搭便车，钱会自动从你的注册卡中出来。 你甚至可以通过这种方式为你的司机提供提示！ 也许我们很快也会在超市这样的地方这样做——你会得到你的货物， 当你离开时，读者会记录下你买的东西的详细信息 金额将自动从您的账户中扣除。 如果你需要退款，这笔钱会像取出时一样容易地放回你的账户。 无忧购物。 没有机器，也没有长长的结账队伍。 不再有沉重的钱包。 这一切听起来都很积极，但也可能有缺点。 众所周知，技术进步带来了许多积极因素，但也迫使我们考虑其他问题。 欺诈，尤其是网络欺诈，会变得更容易吗？ 随着我们的货币系统越来越依赖计算机， 我们怎样才能确保电脑不会出故障？ 随着我们越来越多地使用指纹和面部识别等技术，安全性可能会变得更好， 但是，它们会被用来通过收集我们的行动信息来侵犯我们的隐私吗？ 到目前为止，这是最重要的问题。 像这样的问题不会轻易消失。 我们正处于变化之中，未来有许多不同的可能性。 也许会开发出难以想象的支付方式。 看看事情是如何发展的，这将是一件有趣的事情， 但有一件事是肯定的——20年后， 我们不会像现在这样买卖和支付。

Page 95 LISTENING exercise 9 Welcome back to Moneyspinners. And our next contestant is Cindy Jones. Hello, Cindy, here's your first question, good luck. Which country has coins with holes in the middle? Is it Britain, Iceland, Japan or South Africa? Oh, I know this! It's Japan. For sure. I was there last year. Yes, you're right. So you have £100 – well done. Just out of interest, which Japanese coins have holes? Erm, the five and the fifty yen coins, I think. Absolutely right, but you've still only got a hundred pounds. So, OK, here's your next question, for £250. Which day of the week is the one when most people use a cash machine? Is it Monday, Thursday, Friday or Saturday? Well, of course I don't know, but I'll guess. I think it's probably Friday. Why? Well, it's the start of the weekend, isn't it, so I think that's when people most want some money to spend. It's a good guess, Cindy, and it's correct! Around the world, more money is taken out of cash machines on Fridays than any other day of the week. OK, Cindy, you have £250, and here's your next question. We all know that most of the money in the world doesn't exist as actual coins and banknotes, it's just numbers, figures in computer records. But what percentage of all the money in the world is coins and notes? Is it eight percent, 12 percent, 20 percent or 50 percent? It can't be as high as 50, and I think 20 percent is very high, too. So, eight or 12? Well, I'm sure it's a low percentage, so I'll say ... eight percent. You say eight percent, and that is ... absolutely right! That puts you at £500. Well done! How do you feel? Actually, I'm pretty calm now! Great! OK, question four! For one thousand pounds. We often talk about paper money, but many banknotes are made of plastic. Which country was the first country to produce plastic banknotes? Is it Sweden, Germany, the US or Australia? I know this! I read it somewhere, ages ago. It's Australia. Sure? It's for one thousand pounds! I'm sure. Australia. And it's the right answer! And it's got you £1,000. OK, this is where it gets serious. A wrong answer now and you'll leave here with nothing. I know. OK, so here's your next question. Remember, you don't have to answer it. What's the name of the world's first known coin – in other words, the oldest coin in the world that we know of? Is it the Egyptian Lira, the Lydian Lion, the Ying Yuan or the Saxon Shilling? No idea at all. It's probably Ying Yuan, but no, I really don't know. I'll take the thousand pounds please. Fair enough. Cindy Jones, you have won £1,000! And Cindy, if you'd said Ying Yuan you would have ... lost your money! The correct answer is B, Lydian Lion. Applause please for Cindy Jones! Page 95 PRONUNCIATION exercise 1 We all need good self esteem. But what does it mean? Tim? It's a lot of things, Mrs Green. But it's really important to feel happy to be as we are. So, do you copy your favourite pop stars? Do you wear the same clothes, Rose? Mr Ross! I follow pop stars – but I don't wear the same clothes! I'm not a clone. Page 95 PRONUNCIATION exercise 3 We all need good self esteem. But what does it mean? Tim? It's a lot of things, Mrs Green. But it's really important to feel happy to be as we are. So, do you copy your favourite pop stars? Do you wear the same clothes, Rose? Mr Ross! I follow pop stars – but I don't wear the same clothes! I'm not a clone.

第95页 听力练习9 欢迎回到Moneyspinners。 我们的下一位选手是辛迪·琼斯。 你好，辛迪，这是你的第一个问题，祝你好运。 哪个国家的硬币中间有洞？ 是英国、冰岛、日本还是南非？ 哦，我知道！这是日本。当然。我去年去过那里。 是的，你说得对。 所以你有100英镑——做得好。 只是出于兴趣，哪些日本硬币有洞？ 嗯，我想是五日元和五十日元的硬币。 完全正确，但你仍然只有一百英镑。 好吧，这是你的下一个问题，250英镑。 一周中哪一天是大多数人使用自动取款机的日子？ 今天是星期一、星期四、星期五还是星期六？ 好吧，我当然不知道，但我猜。 我想可能是星期五。 为什么？ 嗯，这是周末的开始，不是吗， 所以我认为这是人们最想花钱的时候。 这是一个很好的猜测，辛迪，而且是正确的！ 在世界各地，周五从自动取款机中取出的钱比一周中的任何一天都多。 好的，辛迪，你有250英镑，这是你的下一个问题。 我们都知道，世界上大多数货币都不是以实际的硬币和纸币的形式存在的， 这只是数字，电脑记录中的数字。 但是，硬币和纸币在世界上所有货币中所占的比例是多少？ 是8%、12%、20%还是50%？ 它不可能高达50%，我认为20%也很高。 那么，是8还是12？ 好吧，我敢肯定这是一个低百分比，所以我会说。…8%。 你说8%，就是这样。…完全正确！ 这让你在500英镑。做得好！你感觉怎么样？ 事实上，我现在很冷静！ 太棒了好的，问题四！ 一千英镑。 我们经常谈论纸币，但许多纸币是由塑料制成的。 哪个国家是第一个生产塑料钞票的国家？ 是瑞典、德国、美国还是澳大利亚？ 我知道！我很久以前在某个地方读过它。这是澳大利亚。 当然？这是一千英镑！ 我敢肯定。澳大利亚。 这是正确的答案！它给了你1000英镑。 好吧，这就是问题变得严重的地方。 现在回答错了，你什么都不会离开这里。 我知道。 好的，这是你的下一个问题。 记住，你不必回答。 世界上第一枚已知硬币的名字是什么 换句话说，我们所知道的世界上最古老的硬币？ 是埃及里拉、吕底亚狮子、瀛元还是撒克逊先令？ 完全不知道。 可能是应媛，但不，我真的不知道。 请给我一千英镑。 很公平。辛迪·琼斯，你赢了1000英镑！ 还有辛迪，如果你说的话，你会答应的。…你的钱丢了！ 正确答案是B，吕店狮子。 请为辛迪·琼斯鼓掌！ 第95页 拨款练习1 我们都需要良好的自尊。 但这意味着什么？提姆？ 事情很多，格林太太。 但真正重要的是要为我们现在的样子感到高兴。 那么，你模仿你最喜欢的流行歌星吗？ 你穿同样的衣服吗，罗斯？ 罗斯先生！我追随流行歌星，但我穿的衣服不一样！我不是克隆人。 第95页 拨款练习3 我们都需要良好的自尊。 但这意味着什么？提姆？ 事情很多，格林太太。 但真正重要的是要为我们现在的样子感到高兴。 那么，你模仿你最喜欢的流行歌星吗？ 你穿同样的衣服吗，罗斯？ 罗斯先生！我追随流行歌星，但我穿的衣服不一样！我不是克隆人。

Page 96 READING exercise 3 MONEY MATTERS It's said that the easiest way to be really rich is to be born into a really rich family. That aside, undoubtedly the best way to become truly wealthy is to get a good idea for a product, make it and sell it, then sit back and watch the money come in. Throughout history, many people have become incredibly wealthy that way. There's nothing new in this – for centuries people have had ideas, made things and become very rich. But questions are increasingly being asked about the way we're going. How fair is it for one person to have a personal fortune of billions of dollars? Is it right for big company bosses to be paid huge salaries and often to receive large bonuses on top of that? (In just one year, the head of a building company in the UK received £75 million in bonuses: is that acceptable?) In 1978, bosses in the UK's biggest companies earned on average about 30 times an ordinary employee's salary – in 1988 it was 47 times, but by 2020, this had increased to 133 times. We'd like to hear your comments on this subject. A I left school with a guy I know and we went to work in a finance company. His father's one of the directors, so now he's got a very well-paid job, earning five times as much as me. By the time he's 30, he'll have earned millions – and he does everything he can not to pay tax. It's sickening. GBarker95 B I'm not sure what the problem is. It's just how the world is. Like the article says, there's nothing new here. Some people get lucky, some don't. Look at writers – lots of people get an idea and write a book, or books – and sometimes thousands of people buy the book and the writer gets rich. They re not even always the best writers. That's just how it is. Thatcherman C One time, I heard a politician say 'It's fine for people to be extremely rich – as long as they pay their taxes.' I agree. A top boss, after ten years of work or so, will have given millions of pounds back in taxes to help the country. And that benefits everyone, right? Arguer123 D My mum's a doctor and she'll be working until she's 60 – 35 years of work – and when she stops, she won't have made a tenth of what some of these people make in a year. And there are people who manage the hospitals she works in who earn five times what she does. Who contributes more to healthcare – a doctor or someone who works in management? It's disgraceful. Aliboy

第96页 阅读练习3 资金问题 据说，真正富有的最简单方法就是出生在一个真正富裕的家庭。 除此之外，毫无疑问，真正致富的最好方法就是为产品想出一个好主意， 制造并出售它，然后坐下来看着钱进来。 纵观历史，许多人通过这种方式变得极其富有。 这并不是什么新鲜事——几个世纪以来，人们有了想法，创造了东西，变得非常富有。 但越来越多的人开始质疑我们的前进方向。 一个人拥有数十亿美元的个人财富有多公平？ 大公司老板拿高薪合适吗 除此之外，还经常获得巨额奖金？ （在短短一年内，英国一家建筑公司的负责人 收到7500万英镑的奖金：这可以接受吗？） 1978年，英国最大公司的老板平均收入约为普通员工工资的30倍—— 1988年为47倍，但到2020年，这一数字已增至133倍。 我们想听听你对这个问题的意见。 A我和一个我认识的人一起离开了学校，我们去了一家金融公司工作。 他爸爸是董事之一，所以现在他有一份薪水很高的工作， 收入是我的五倍。 到他30岁的时候，他已经赚了数百万美元，而且他会尽一切努力不纳税。 真恶心。GBarker95 B我不确定问题是什么。世界就是这样。 正如文章所说，这里没有什么新鲜事。 有些人很幸运，有些人没有。 看看作家——很多人有了一个想法，写了一本书，或者几本书—— 有时成千上万的人买了这本书，作者就发财了。 他们甚至不总是最好的作家。事情就是这样。Thatcherman C有一次，我听到一位政治家说 “人们非常富有是可以的——只要他们纳税。” 我同意。一位顶级老板，在工作了大约十年后， 将退还数百万英镑的税款以帮助国家。 这对每个人都有好处，对吧？辩手123 D我妈妈是一名医生，她将工作到60-35年 当她停下来时，她挣的钱不会是这些人一年挣的十分之一。 还有一些管理她工作的医院的人，他们的收入是她工作的五倍。 谁对医疗保健的贡献更大——医生还是从事管理工作的人？ 这太可耻了。Aliboy

Page 98 DEVELOPING SPEAKING exercise 3 That was a great cake. I wish I could buy another one – but I'm really strapped for cash, same as usual. Don't look at me. Sorry, but I've only got enough for my ice cream. Last week, I had to fix my bike. So I'm broke. What a pity. Never mind, though, you'll get some pocket money soon, won't you? I hate not having money to do the things I want. My grandparents have spent their whole lives like that. Not me. I'm determined to be seriously rich when I'm older. Your grandparents seem really happy to me. Maybe they never worried about material things. So I'm wrong to want to be rich? No, I'm saying not everyone wants to be, that's all. You can be happy without a lot of money. I'm just ambitious. It's not my fault. Hi, guys! All right? Not bad, Mark. We're talking about money – or rather, not having it. We're both broke, basically. That's a shame. But good news. I've had some luck. I sold my tablet online for £50. The food and drink are on me! What do you guys want? An ice cream please – and another cake for Josh? No, I'm fine thanks. You should keep your money. No, money's for spending as far as I'm concerned. OK, then: one ice cream for Tanya and two for me!

第98页 发展口语练习3 那是一个很棒的蛋糕。 我希望我能再买一个，但我真的很缺钱，和往常一样。 别看我。对不起，我只有足够吃冰淇淋的。 上周，我不得不修理我的自行车。所以我破产了。 真是遗憾。不过，没关系，你很快就会得到一些零花钱，是吗？ 我讨厌没有钱做我想做的事情。 我的祖父母一辈子都是这样度过的。 不是我。我决心长大后变得非常富有。 在我看来，你的祖父母真的很开心。 也许他们从不担心物质方面的事情。 所以我想发财是不对的？ 不，我是说不是每个人都想成为，仅此而已。 没有很多钱，你也可以快乐。 我只是野心勃勃。这不是我的错。 嗨，伙计们！好吗？ 还不错，马克。我们谈论的是钱，或者更确切地说，是没有钱。 我们基本上都破产了。 真是遗憾。但好消息。我运气不错。 我在网上以50英镑的价格卖掉了我的平板电脑。 食物和饮料都在我身上！你们想要什么？ 请给我来一份冰淇淋，再给乔希一块蛋糕？ 不用了，我很好，谢谢。你应该保留你的钱。 不，就我而言，钱是用来花钱的。 好吧，那么：一个冰淇淋给坦尼娅，两个给我！

TOWARDS B2 First for Schools Page 100 LISTENING exercise 1 You will hear Conner talking about the Royal Mint, where coins are made. For questions 1 to 10, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase. I'd like to talk to you today about the Royal Mint. I should explain that I'm a numismatist, which means my hobby is collecting coins. That's why I'm so interested in the Royal Mint: it's where all the UK's coins are made. The headquarters of the Royal Mint is in South Wales in a town called Llantrisant. I've never been there, but I've seen photos and it looks amazing. It's massive – there's no bigger mint on the planet – and it uses the most amazing technology to produce the coins. One thing I should mention is that not all the UK's money is made here. The banknotes are made by the Bank of England, which is a different organisation altogether. The Royal Mint is also extremely old. It was started during the reign of King Alfred in 886. That's more than 1,100 years ago. At that time, there were several mints all over the country, but in 1279, all coins were made in one place – the Tower of London. The Mint stayed in London until 1968, when it moved to its current site in Wales. The new buildings were opened by Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ. As I've already said, the Royal Mint is a really big place. It takes up 35 acres, which is about the size of 23 football pitches. It's also a huge employer, offering jobs to 900 people. As you can see, it's really important for employment in the area. Work at the site goes on for 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 52 weeks a year – it literally never stops. So it's not surprising that it has the potential to produce 90 million coins a week, which means its yearly output is around 5 billion coins. Of course, that's more coins than the UK needs each year. The Mint also makes coins for other countries – around 60 countries in all get their coins from the UK. So far, I've only talked about coins. But the Royal Mint makes other products as well. One of the things it produces is something called a blank. A blank is a metal disc which is the size of a coin but doesn't have anything printed on it. Blanks can be made into coins somewhere else at a later date. The Mint also produces medals and coins to celebrate special occasions. They're always limited editions and can become quite valuable. These are the coins that got me interested in the hobby. I started in 2012, which was a good year because the Mint made special coins to celebrate the Queen's Diamond Jubilee and also the London Olympics. I've got them both. Talking of collecting, the Royal Mint has an amazing collection of its own, with examples of almost all the coins it's produced since the 16th century. It keeps them in the Royal Mint Museum and you can see most of them on its online pages. Unfortunately, you can't visit the museum in person to see the collection. In fact, you can't visit the Mint at all. Until a few years ago, you could have a guided tour around the museum, but they stopped them because they were worried about safety. It's a real shame because a trip to the Royal Mint would be my dream day out. .

学校优先走向B2 第100页 听力练习1 你会听到康纳谈论皇家造币厂，那里制造硬币。 对于问题1至10，用一个单词或短语完成句子。 今天我想和大家谈谈皇家造币厂。 我应该解释一下，我是一名钱币学家，这意味着我的爱好是收集硬币。 这就是为什么我对皇家造币厂如此感兴趣：英国所有的硬币都是在这里制造的。 皇家造币厂的总部位于南威尔士的一个名为Llantisant的小镇。 我从未去过那里，但我看过照片，看起来很神奇。 它很大——地球上没有比它更大的造币厂了—— 它使用最神奇的技术来生产硬币。 我应该提到的一件事是，并非所有英国的钱都是在这里赚的。 这些钞票是由英格兰银行制造的，这是一个完全不同的组织。 皇家造币厂也非常古老。 它始于886年阿尔弗雷德国王统治时期。 那是1100多年前的事了。 当时，全国各地都有几家造币厂， 但在1279年，所有的硬币都是在一个地方制造的——伦敦塔。 铸币局在伦敦一直呆到1968年，然后搬到了威尔士的现址。 新建筑由伊丽莎白二世女王开放。 正如我已经说过的，皇家造币厂是一个非常大的地方。 它占地35英亩，大约相当于23个足球场的大小。 它也是一个巨大的雇主，为900人提供就业机会。 正如你所看到的，这对该地区的就业非常重要。 现场工作每周七天，每天24小时， 一年52周，它从未停止过。 因此，它有可能每周生产9000万枚硬币也就不足为奇了， 这意味着其年产量约为50亿枚硬币。 当然，这比英国每年需要的硬币还多。 铸币局还为其他国家制造硬币——总共有大约60个国家的硬币来自英国。 到目前为止，我只谈到了硬币。 但皇家造币厂也生产其他产品。 它产生的一种东西叫做空白。 空白是一种硬币大小的金属盘，但上面没有印刷任何东西。 稍后，空白可以在其他地方制成硬币。 铸币局还生产奖章和硬币来庆祝特殊场合。 它们总是限量版，可以变得非常有价值。 这些硬币让我对这个爱好产生了兴趣。 我从2012年开始， 这是一个好年头，因为铸币局制作了特殊的硬币来庆祝女王的钻石禧年 还有伦敦奥运会。我两者都有。 说到收藏，皇家造币厂有自己惊人的收藏， 其中包括自16世纪以来生产的几乎所有硬币的例子。 它把它们保存在皇家造币厂博物馆，你可以在它的在线页面上看到其中的大部分。 不幸的是，你不能亲自去博物馆参观藏品。 事实上，你根本不能去铸币厂。 直到几年前，你还可以在导游的带领下参观博物馆， 但他们阻止了他们，因为他们担心安全。 这真的很遗憾，因为去皇家造币厂旅行将是我梦想中的一天。 .