Unit 06 No Planet

Unit 6 Page 56 READING exercise 5 HOT TOPIC: SAVING THE EARTH Many young people today are very worried about the future of the planet. This week, we look at what two teen activists are doing in their fight to save the Earth. As always, we are curious to get our readers' reactions. So tell us what you think! Jackson Hinkle, the us American teenager Jackson Hinkle and his friends invited classmates to the first meeting of an adventure club on Instagram. They thought around 30 students might come to the meeting. In fact, 300 students turned up. The group decided to set up Team Zissou Environmental Organization, and it quickly became a national movement. Their main goal is to end single-use plastics in schools and communities. Team Zissou's first campaign took place on World Water Day and they made several important promises: We will raise money for water fountains across the school district. We will get local businesses to stop selling single-use plastic water bottles because they cause a lot of pollution. We will sell JUST Water in our canteens. JUST Water comes in a paper-based bottle and has a plant-based cap. The bottle is made from 82% renewable resources, so it won't damage the environment. If sales go well in the four schools, the district might get rid of plastic water bottles and sell JUST Water in all 64 schools. Jackson has learned one very important thing from his campaigning: Never give up. You must keep trying. Brittany Trilford, New Zealand When she was just 17, Brittany Trilford, from Wellington in New Zealand, was invited to speak to world leaders at the United Nations Conference in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. She spoke about climate change and the need to stop talking and to act now to make real change. Brittany wants to protect the beautiful environment she lives in – an environment that will be seriously affected by climate change. She wanted world leaders to know that young people feel angry – angry because world leaders are not doing enough to protect the environment for future generations. Her message to governments around the world is that they need to act now and think of new and better laws that may help the serious situation. Young people don't want more promises, they want action. They want to see results. Promises won't be enough. One thing we all know now – we ARE destroying our environment. There is no Planet B, so please, let's ALL look after this one. Brittany Trilford and Jackson Hinkle have done amazing things. It's OUR turn now.

Page 58 VOCABULARY exercise 7 A litter B rubbish C recycling D smog Page 59 LISTENING exercise 11 12 and 14 And now over to our reporter Vicky Sandhurst who's currently in Todmorden in West Yorkshire, a little town with a great idea. And that idea is all about carrots and cucumbers, apples and apricots. I'll say no more ... Vicky! Yes, good morning, Brendan. I'm here in Todmorden, or 'Tod', as the people here call it. What's happening here is amazing. But I want you to hear it from one of the young people who live here. What's your name? Simon. And how old are you? 15. Simon, tell our listeners, please, what's so special about Tod. That's easy! Incredible Edible. And what's Incredible Edible, Simon? Tell us more. Well, it's the name of a project that we're all involved in. Some people in Tod had the idea some time ago that Todmorden should become the first town in the country that's self-sufficient in food. The idea was that all the free spaces in the town should be used to grow vegetables. People liked the idea, I guess, and started to plant vegetables. Where we had flowers before, you know, now we've got vegetables and fruit trees, and every ... everybody can take what they want, and nobody has to pay for it. Wow! Well, thanks for talking to us, Simon. That sounds wonderful. Excuse me, you've just taken some broccoli from this flower bed here, which is actually right next to the police station. And they aren't arresting you for doing that? No, not at all. We don't buy our vegetables from the supermarket, we get them free. That's amazing! But who plants all those vegetables? We all do, and that's the idea. If we all work together, we do good things for others, and others do good things for us. What a brilliant idea! Enjoy your lunch! Thank you ... And I'm now joined by the woman who started it all – Mary Clear. Mary, I heard that you came up with this wonderful idea when you were drinking coffee with a friend. Is that right? Yes, we were talking and found we were both pretty unhappy about the state of things. There are so many negative things happening in the world ... so we thought, let's just do something positive. Wow. And how did people react? At our first public meeting 60 people showed up. And the reaction was amazing. Incredible Edible ...

Page 60 READING exercise 3 ENERGY MATTERS Unless we change our behaviour, our planet won't survive. To produce electricity, we burn coal and oil, known as fossil fuels, but creating energy in this way puts CO₂, into the air and causes air pollution and smog. As a result, we are destroying our Earth. What can we do to solve these problems? If we use renewable energy, it will provide us with cleaner air and water. So what is renewable energy? It is energy that doesn't use up the resource used to make it. Solar power, wind power and hydroelectric power are examples of renewable energy sources. SOLAR POWER Using the power of the sun produces very little pollution and it is also much cheaper than using fossil fuels. Morocco is now using solar power in a big way. When we say big, we mean big! They have the largest solar plant on Earth. Its wind and hydroelectric power plants will soon provide half of Morocco's electricity. Morocco might become the world's superpower in solar energy, producing enough electricity for one million homes. HYDROELECTRIC POWER AND WIND FARMS In the past, Turkey relied on fossil fuels and natural gas to produce electricity. In recent years, it has increased its use of renewable energy. Private companies have built nine small hydroelectric power plants and they use river water stored in dams to produce electricity. They have also built six wind farms, and they have set up 20 other renewable energy projects. Wind power is another clean alternative to fossil fuels. It is everywhere! Wind farms use very little land and they don't use any water. A SIMPLE WAY TO REDUCE ENERGY Something simple that everyone could do to help save the environment: using energy-saving light bulbs. Mexico has given almost 23 million of them to families for free. Now, more than 5.5 million Mexican families use energy-saving light bulbs. If they use energy-saving light bulbs, they may save up to 18% on their electricity bill. This is a simple thing that YOU can do, too. You will use a tenth of the electricity if you use energy-saving light bulbs at home. Page 61 VOCABULARY exercise 11 1 to reuse This means to use something again. 2 to throw away Means to get rid of something. 3 to recycle Means to collect and treat rubbish in order to produce useful materials that can be used again. 4 to waste Means to use too much of something or use it incorrectly. 5 to charge This means to fill up an empty battery again. 6 to disconnect This means to stop the connection between an electrical appliance and the power source. 7 to save Means to stop something from being wasted. 8 to leave on standby Means to not switch an appliance off completely so it is ready to be used at any time.

Page 62 Culture exercise 2 GREEN SOLUTIONS AROUND THE WORLD THE NETHERLANDS Can a ban on cars help business? In the mid-seventies, there was a problem in the city of Groningen, in the Netherlands. Lots of people used the motorway in the city centre and there were too many cars. This caused a lot of traffic jams. The city council decided to replace the motorway with green areas, pedestrian areas, cycleways and bus lanes. They stopped cars from parking in the market square and discouraged cars from entering the city centre. At first, shop owners said they would lose customers. But they didn't, and soon businesses and shops which were not in the car-free zone wanted the council to expand it. Today, 61% of trips taken in the city are done by bicycle. The city centre is full of places for bikes to park and most buildings have bicycle garages. As a result, today Groningen has got the cleanest air of any big Dutch city. MEXICO Can a wood-burning stove really be environmentally friendly and still be efficient? People in many countries still rely on open fires. Although the fires help people cook and stay warm, the smoke and gas can cause illnesses. They also use precious fuels such as wood or coal. The so-called Patsari stove uses less wood and so it improves both air quality in the home and family health. The stove was developed in Mexico. It is made of sealed-together brick stones so no gas can come out from the stove. The stones heat up when somebody lights a fire underneath, and the back of the stove is attached to a chimney, which takes the smoke out of the home. Health studies show that families with a Patsari stove get 30% fewer lung infections and 50% fewer eye infections. ECUADOR Can a camera trap programme help save a nature park? The Bigal River nature park is located between the Amazon forest and the Andes. It is a beautiful area, and is home to many different animals and birds. However, human activity has had a negative effect on the wildlife that lives there. Many animals and birds are endangered because of loss of habitat and hunting. To show people how wonderful the nature park is, the Sumac Muyu Foundation set up camera traps around the park. These traps record a video whenever an animal enters a certain place in the park. It shows where they are in the park, and it studies changes in behaviour caused by humans. The camera traps have been in the nature park since 2014. They have collected hundreds of hours of film showing wildlife, and the material is being used to help fight new building projects in the protected land. Page 63 PRONUNCIATION exercise 1 Visit the beautiful village of Victoria! The village is surrounded by forests and farms. There's a fantastic river for fishing. You can buy souvenirs and see very old buildings. There are buses to the beach from Monday to Friday. You'll never forget your visit to Victoria! Page 63 PRONUNCIATION exercise 3 Visit the beautiful village of Victoria! The village is surrounded by forests and farms. There's a fantastic river for fishing. You can buy souvenirs and see very old buildings. There are buses to the beach from Monday to Friday. You'll never forget your visit to Victoria!

Page 64 B1 Preliminary for Schools LISTENING Part 2 exercise 2 Listen to six short conversations. For each question, choose the correct answer. One You will hear a girl and her brother talking about the girl's night with her two friends. What does the girl say about the night out? Hey Ali, so what was the film like last night? Not bad. It was funny, but not very funny if you know what I mean. And what did the others think? Julie loved it but Nadia was like me, she laughed a bit but not so much. But overall you had a good time, right? Oh yes. It's always good fun to be with Nadia and Julie. We had ice cream afterwards – that was when I really had a good laugh! Julie's so funny when she talks about school and stuff. Two. Listen to a man and a woman talking about a tennis match. What does the man say about the match? Did you hear? The coach quit after the match! That was really unexpected. Especially after such a close game and his player won in the end! Exactly. It was a thiller. I have no idea why he did it. Well, it is a shame – they seemed to work very well. Especially after that match. I thought he did a great job coaching Smith through the game. I guess we'll never know why. Yes, I'm very confused. Three. Listen to a boy and a girl talking about the boy's phone. What does the boy say about the phone? I'm having problems with my phone. Really? What kind of problems? Well, first of all, the battery doesn't last very long, not as long as it used to. And sometimes the phone just switches itself off. Yesterday I was talking to a friend and – puf! – the phone switched off! And the battery was OK, I checked. Have you had the phone a long time? About four years. And I know, I know, you're going to tell me to get another one. But I can't. I haven't got enough money and neither have my parents. Four. You will hear a boy and a woman in a shop. Why does the boy want to change the pullover? Hello. I got this pullover as a present and I'd like to change it. OK. Have you got the receipt, please? Sure. Here you are. My grandparents gave it to me for my birthday. And you know ... grandparents! What's wrong? Did they get the wrong size? The wrong colour? No. It's just that I don't usually wear pullovers. Can I change it for a T-shirt? I'd prefer to have something like that instead! Sure. Have a look around and see if there's anything you like. Erm ... the pullover was ￡25.00 so that's how much you can spend. OK. Thanks. Five. Listen to two friends talking. What has the girl done? Hi James. How are you? Caroline – goodness! You look so different! I know. Do you like it? Yes, I think so! It's a big change. Why did you decide to do it? I just got tired of it being so long. You can't imagine how difficult it was to wash and dry two or three times a week. So yesterday, when I went to the hairdressers, I just thought – you know what, I'm tired of having it down to my waist. I want to make my life easier. Well, good for you. But I'm glad the colour's the same. Oh, I'd never change that! Six. Listen to two friends talking about music at a party. What did the girl think about the music? Did you enjoy the party on Saturday? Yeah, I did. It was OK. I just wish the band hadn't started playing and singing. They weren't very good, were they? Well, Mike's guitar playing is not so bad, but Jenny's singing ... well, it's not very good, is it? No, no it isn't. Still, they played some nice songs – I mean, songs that I like, anyway. Oh, I agree. I just think, well, I'd rather listen to a DJ. To be honest, at a party, I prefer to dance to recorded music.