Unit 04 Online Life

Unit 4 Page 38 READING exercise 4 LEAVING FOOTPRINTS Imagine you are walking in the sand on a beach somewhere, or through deep snow on a mountain. As you walk, you leave footprints where you've been. Later, of course, the footprints disappear. But imagine if they didn't – if your footprints stayed there forever. And imagine, too, that you left footprints everywhere you walked, including in your home and in your town – so that someone could see everywhere you've been. How happy would you be about that? Well, that's what happens when you use technology – computers, mobile phones, tablets. It's your digital footprint – a record of where you've been and what you've seen that you leave when you go online. Your comments on social media, your retweets, the apps you use, the emails you send, everything you've searched for – all of them are part of your digital footprint, and other people can see your footprint, or it can be tracked in a database. Does this matter? Why would anyone be interested in what you write on Twitter or post on Instagram? Well, companies who sell things are interested, that's for sure – they want to send you adverts for things they want you to buy. But apart from businesses, there are other reasons why your digital footprint should matter to you. 1 HOW PEOPLE SEE YOU Of course, you have nothing to hide, but if people get information about you, they might pick bits to make you look good – or bad. Perhaps one day you write something silly online. Maybe you make a bad joke. Years later, it's found by the university you're applying to, and they don't think it's funny. Then what? Maybe they decide you're not the 'right' kind of person for them. 2 YOUR PRIVATE INFORMATION Everyone has information about themselves that they don't want everyone to know (for example, you might share your school reports with your parents but not friends), but the internet doesn't make the same decisions that you would. 3 KEEPING YOUR MONEY SAFE There are plenty of people looking at information about you, and some of them want to steal from you, but the less information you put out, the harder it is for them. Bank details, card numbers, passwords or PINs – none of them should be written in emails text massages or anything else. Overall, the message is: remember that you have a digital footprint, and think carefully before you click 'send' or 'post'. No one can go online and not leave a footprint – but with care, you can control it.

第四单元 第38页 阅读练习4 留下脚印 想象一下，你正漫步在某个海滩的沙滩上，或者在山上的深雪中。 当你走路时，你会在你去过的地方留下脚印。 当然，后来脚印消失了。 但想象一下，如果他们没有——如果你的脚印永远留在那里。 想象一下，你走到哪里都会留下脚印， 包括你的家和你的城镇，这样别人就可以看到你去过的每一个地方。 你对此会有多高兴？ 好吧，这就是当你使用技术时会发生的事情——电脑、手机、平板电脑。 这是你的数字足迹——你上网时留下的你去过哪里、看到了什么的记录。 你在社交媒体上的评论、你的转发、你使用的应用程序， 你发送的电子邮件，你搜索过的一切——所有这些都是你数字足迹的一部分， 其他人可以看到你的足迹，或者可以在数据库中跟踪。 这有关系吗？ 为什么有人会对你在推特上写的或在Instagram上发布的内容感兴趣？ 当然，销售商品的公司对此很感兴趣—— 他们想给你发广告，让你买他们想让你买的东西。 但除了企业，还有其他原因让你的数字足迹对你很重要。 1人们如何看待你 当然，你没有什么可隐瞒的，但如果人们得到你的信息， 他们可能会挑一些让你看起来好或坏的东西。 也许有一天你会在网上写一些愚蠢的东西。 也许你开了个糟糕的玩笑。 几年后，你申请的大学发现了它，他们不认为这很有趣。 然后呢？也许他们认为你不适合他们。 2您的私人信息 每个人都有自己的信息，他们不想让每个人都知道 （例如，你可能会与父母分享你的学校报告，但不会与朋友分享）， 但互联网不会做出与你相同的决定。 3确保您的资金安全 有很多人在查看你的信息，其中一些人想从你那里偷东西， 但你发布的信息越少，对他们来说就越难。 银行详细信息、卡号、密码或PIN码 这些都不应该写在电子邮件、短信或其他任何东西中。 总的来说，信息是：记住你有一个数字足迹， 在点击“发送”或“发布”之前，请仔细考虑。 没有人可以上网而不留下足迹——但只要小心，你就可以控制它。

Page 41 LISTENING exercise 10 and 11 Hey, Dad. What's up? I've just come from your grandfather's house. He told me he fell for a scam in an email. Oh, no. Really? What happened? Oh, somebody sent him an email pretending to be from his bank. He sent them all of his personal data. But it was a phishing email and they used it to take money from his account. How much did they take? £5,000. Almost all the money he had. I'm so angry. Hmm, it's not his fault but he's not very careful, is he? No – but I hope you are. All that time you spend on the internet and social media. I hope you haven't fallen for any scams. Hey, I read my emails a bit more carefully than grandad. I know, but I also know that a lot of scams are aimed at teenagers because they're ... What? Stupid? No, I don't mean that. They're just ... well, a bit less experienced. I bet a lot of them don't know about identity theft. People trying to get your information so they can pretend to be you. I know. And you're right, some of the kids at my school don't know about it. It's a big problem these days, and getting bigger. You have to be sooo careful about information you give out, don't you? That's right. Those emails or pop-ups, offering you something fantastic, you should never believe them. If it looks too good to be true ... ... then it probably is too good to be true. Yeah, I got an email the other day saying they would give me a new tablet for when I go to university. See? Someone knows you're planning to go to university. It's in your digital footprint. You didn't do anything, did you? No, Dad, of course not. I knew it was phishing – you know, they ask for your name, bank account number and PIN 'just to check'. And these people, sometimes they ask you for money right away – 'just pay us five pounds and we'll send you £1,000,000'! Huh! Yeah, my friend's older brother got one of those. Can you believe he sent the money? He never saw us again, of course. See? Teenagers, adults, grandads – anyone can fall for scams. You just can't be too careful. It's sad, huh? Yes, it is. Come on, let's get something to eat.

第41页 听力练习10和11 嘿，爸爸。怎么了 我刚从你爷爷家回来。 他在一封电子邮件中告诉我他上当受骗了。 哦，不。真的吗？怎么搞的？ 哦，有人给他发了一封假装来自银行的电子邮件。 他向他们发送了所有的个人数据。 但这是一封钓鱼邮件，他们用它从他的账户里取钱。 他们拿走了多少钱？ £5,000.他几乎所有的钱。我很生气。 嗯，这不是他的错，但他不是很小心，是吗？ 没有，但我希望你是。 你花在互联网和社交媒体上的所有时间。 我希望你没有上当受骗。 嘿，我比爷爷更仔细地阅读我的电子邮件。 我知道，但我也知道很多骗局都是针对青少年的，因为他们是。.. 什么？愚蠢的？ 不，我不是那个意思。他们只是。嗯，经验稍显不足。 我打赌他们中的很多人都不知道身份盗用。 人们试图获取你的信息，这样他们就可以假装是你。 我知道。你说得对，我们学校的一些孩子不知道这件事。 现在这是一个大问题，而且越来越大。 你发布的信息必须非常小心，不是吗？ 这是正确的。 那些电子邮件或弹出窗口为你提供了一些很棒的东西，你永远不应该相信它们。 如果它看起来好得令人难以置信。.. …那么它可能太好了，不可能是真的。 是的，前几天我收到一封电子邮件，说他们会在我上大学时给我一台新平板电脑。 看到了吗？有人知道你打算上大学。 它在你的数字足迹中。 你什么都没做，是吗？ 不，爸爸，当然不是。 我知道这是网络钓鱼——你知道，他们问你的名字、银行账号和PIN码“只是为了检查”。 这些人有时会马上向你要钱—— 只需支付我们5英镑，我们就会为您发送100万英镑！呵呵！ 是的，我朋友的哥哥买了一个。 你能相信他寄了钱吗？ 当然，他再也没有见过我们。 看到了吗？青少年、成年人、爷爷——任何人都可能上当受骗。 你再小心也不为过。 这很可悲，是吧？ 是的。 来吧，我们吃点东西。

Page 42 READING exercise 2 Hi Sam, you know I want a better guitar. Well, my friend Jake told me that his friend is selling one, so I'm going to check it out this evening. I'm going to be really late back. So sorry – you'd better make your own dinner tonight. When your brother is a big star, he'll buy you dinner every night. Hey Billy. I'm not doing anything on Sunday. Want to come round? I've been practising a song called Heart of Gold – do you know it? Maybe we could play together? To be honest, I'm not very good at the guitar. How about you? Gemma Great fun yesterday. A new friend came round and we played guitar together. He's a beginner, but I'm not great, so we had fun. We watched a YouTube lesson for a song called Heart of Gold – it's not too difficult to play. We had tea together afterwards, too. Hi everyone, I've got an acoustic guitar that I want to sell. It's a two-year-old Yamaha, perfect condition, £250 with the case. Anyone interested? If not, tell your friends please! Hi Gemma, I've thought about the guitar. It's really nice but a bit more than I can really afford, so I'm going to stick with my old one for now. But it was nice to talk. Thanks for the tip about the YouTube lessons – that guy is much better than the one I've been using. You know, we ought to practise together some time. What do you think? Billy Hi G, Thanks for last Sunday. It was fun playing the guitar with you and the tea was nice, too. I've listened to some more songs by Neil Young. Old guy, but cool tunes! We should do it again soon. PS Love the photo on Instagram!

第42页 阅读练习2 嗨，山姆，你知道我想要一把更好的吉他。 嗯，我的朋友杰克告诉我，他的朋友正在卖一个，所以我今晚要去看看。 我真的要迟到了。 很抱歉，今晚你最好自己做晚饭。 当你哥哥成为大明星时，他每天晚上都会请你吃饭。 嘿，比利。星期天我什么都不做。想过来吗？ 我一直在练习一首叫《金色之心》的歌——你知道吗？ 也许我们可以一起玩？ 说实话，我不太擅长吉他。 你呢？杰玛 昨天玩得很开心。 一个新朋友来了，我们一起弹吉他。 他是个初学者，但我不是很好，所以我们玩得很开心。 我们观看了一首名为《黄金之心》的歌曲的YouTube课程——这首歌并不难演奏。 后来我们也一起喝茶了。 大家好，我有一把原声吉他要卖。 这是一个两岁的雅马哈，完美的条件，250英镑的情况下。 有人感兴趣吗？如果没有，请告诉你的朋友！ 嗨，杰玛，我想到了吉他。 这真的很好，但比我真正能负担得起的要多一些， 所以我现在要继续用我的旧的。 但谈话很愉快。 谢谢你关于YouTube课程的提示——那家伙比我用过的那个好多了。 你知道，我们应该找个时间一起练习。 你怎么认为？比利 嗨，G，谢谢你上周日的节目。 和你一起弹吉他很有趣，茶也很好。 我听了Neil Young的一些歌曲。 老家伙，但曲调很酷！我们应该很快再做一次。 PS喜欢Instagram上的照片！

Page 44 Culture exercise 3 FROM CAVES TO KINDLES – HOW READING HAS CHANGED Communication without reading and writing Cave paintings are the oldest pictures. Some of them, like the beautiful images in the caves of Altamira in the north of Spain, are almost 30,000 years old. Many of these paintings show animals or hunting scenes. The images do not have written words, but when we look at them, we get an idea of the emotions the people felt when drawing them. The paintings tell stories of hopes and fears. They are an early form of communication. Early forms of written communication Sometime between 4000 and 3000 BCE, people in Egypt and Mesopotamia developed the skill of writing. They engraved text on stone tablets first. But it was impossible to carry stones from place to place. The invention of papyrus allowed documents to be moved easily. Writing on papyrus made it easier to correct mistakes, too. And do you know how they did that? When a scribe – the person who wrote the documents – made a mistake, they licked the ink off the papyrus before it got dry and made their corrections! The history of bookmaking People made the first books from papyrus and from thin animal skins. Paper was invented in China as early as 105 CE. The quality of paper soon became very good. The world's oldest known printed book is from China, too. It was published on May 11, 868CE. In Europe, books were written manually until the middle of the 15th century, when Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in Germany. Since that time, almost 140 million books have been published worldwide. For many people, one of life's greatest pleasures is spending a few hours in a bookshop browsing through the books. Books in their most modern form Books will be around for many years, of course. But there are many other ways of reading books and magazines, such as e-books and apps on mobile phones, which allow you to buy and download reading material to carry around with you and read whenever and wherever you want to. Page 44 PRONUNCIATION exercise 1 My little cousin from London's coming on Monday. She's young and lovely – and very funny. She loves the sun and running and jumping. She doesn't like studying or spending money. Page 44 PRONUNCIATION exercise 3 My little cousin from London's coming on Monday. She's young and lovely – and very funny. She loves the sun and running and jumping. She doesn't like studying or spending money.

第44页 文化练习3 从洞穴到火种&阅读是如何改变的 不读不写的交流 洞穴壁画是最古老的绘画。 其中一些，比如西班牙北部阿尔塔米拉洞穴中的美丽图像， 已有近3万年的历史。 这些画作中有许多描绘了动物或狩猎的场景。 图像没有文字， 但当我们观察它们时，我们可以了解人们在绘制它们时所感受到的情感。 这些画讲述了希望和恐惧的故事。 这是一种早期的沟通方式。 早期的书面交流形式 大约在公元前4000年到3000年之间， 埃及和美索不达米亚的人们发展了写作技巧。 他们先把文字刻在石碑上。 但不可能把石头从一个地方搬到另一个地方。 纸莎草纸的发明使文件可以很容易地移动。 在纸莎草纸上写字也更容易纠正错误。 你知道他们是怎么做到的吗？ 当一个抄写员——写文件的人——犯了错误时， 他们在纸莎草纸变干之前把上面的墨水舔掉，然后进行了修改！ 博彩业的历史 人们用纸莎草纸和薄薄的动物皮制作了第一本书。 纸早在公元105年就在中国发明了。 纸张的质量很快变得很好。 世界上已知最古老的印刷书籍也来自中国。 它于公元868年5月11日出版。 在欧洲，直到15世纪中叶，书籍都是手工书写的， 当约翰内斯·古腾堡在德国发明印刷机时。 自那时起，全球已出版近1.4亿册图书。 对许多人来说，生活中最大的乐趣之一就是在书店里花几个小时浏览书籍。 最现代形式的书籍 当然，书籍会存在很多年。 但还有许多其他阅读书籍和杂志的方式，比如电子书和手机上的应用程序， 它允许你购买和下载阅读材料随身携带 随时随地阅读。 第44页 拨款练习1 我来自伦敦的小表弟星期一要来。 她年轻可爱，而且很有趣。 她喜欢阳光，喜欢跑步和跳跃。 她不喜欢学习或花钱。 第44页 拨款练习3 我来自伦敦的小表弟星期一要来。 她年轻可爱，而且很有趣。 她喜欢阳光，喜欢跑步和跳跃。 她不喜欢学习或花钱。

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