Unit 04 Online Life

Unit 4 Page 38 READING exercise 4 LEAVING FOOTPRINTS Imagine you are walking in the sand on a beach somewhere, or through deep snow on a mountain. As you walk, you leave footprints where you've been. Later, of course, the footprints disappear. But imagine if they didn't – if your footprints stayed there forever. And imagine, too, that you left footprints everywhere you walked, including in your home and in your town – so that someone could see everywhere you've been. How happy would you be about that? Well, that's what happens when you use technology – computers, mobile phones, tablets. It's your digital footprint – a record of where you've been and what you've seen that you leave when you go online. Your comments on social media, your retweets, the apps you use, the emails you send, everything you've searched for – all of them are part of your digital footprint, and other people can see your footprint, or it can be tracked in a database. Does this matter? Why would anyone be interested in what you write on Twitter or post on Instagram? Well, companies who sell things are interested, that's for sure – they want to send you adverts for things they want you to buy. But apart from businesses, there are other reasons why your digital footprint should matter to you. 1 HOW PEOPLE SEE YOU Of course, you have nothing to hide, but if people get information about you, they might pick bits to make you look good – or bad. Perhaps one day you write something silly online. Maybe you make a bad joke. Years later, it's found by the university you're applying to, and they don't think it's funny. Then what? Maybe they decide you're not the 'right' kind of person for them. 2 YOUR PRIVATE INFORMATION Everyone has information about themselves that they don't want everyone to know (for example, you might share your school reports with your parents but not friends), but the internet doesn't make the same decisions that you would. 3 KEEPING YOUR MONEY SAFE There are plenty of people looking at information about you, and some of them want to steal from you, but the less information you put out, the harder it is for them. Bank details, card numbers, passwords or PINs – none of them should be written in emails text massages or anything else. Overall, the message is: remember that you have a digital footprint, and think carefully before you click 'send' or 'post'. No one can go online and not leave a footprint – but with care, you can control it.

Page 41 LISTENING exercise 10 and 11 Hey, Dad. What's up? I've just come from your grandfather's house. He told me he fell for a scam in an email. Oh, no. Really? What happened? Oh, somebody sent him an email pretending to be from his bank. He sent them all of his personal data. But it was a phishing email and they used it to take money from his account. How much did they take? £5,000. Almost all the money he had. I'm so angry. Hmm, it's not his fault but he's not very careful, is he? No – but I hope you are. All that time you spend on the internet and social media. I hope you haven't fallen for any scams. Hey, I read my emails a bit more carefully than grandad. I know, but I also know that a lot of scams are aimed at teenagers because they're ... What? Stupid? No, I don't mean that. They're just ... well, a bit less experienced. I bet a lot of them don't know about identity theft. People trying to get your information so they can pretend to be you. I know. And you're right, some of the kids at my school don't know about it. It's a big problem these days, and getting bigger. You have to be sooo careful about information you give out, don't you? That's right. Those emails or pop-ups, offering you something fantastic, you should never believe them. If it looks too good to be true ... ... then it probably is too good to be true. Yeah, I got an email the other day saying they would give me a new tablet for when I go to university. See? Someone knows you're planning to go to university. It's in your digital footprint. You didn't do anything, did you? No, Dad, of course not. I knew it was phishing – you know, they ask for your name, bank account number and PIN 'just to check'. And these people, sometimes they ask you for money right away – 'just pay us five pounds and we'll send you £1,000,000'! Huh! Yeah, my friend's older brother got one of those. Can you believe he sent the money? He never saw us again, of course. See? Teenagers, adults, grandads – anyone can fall for scams. You just can't be too careful. It's sad, huh? Yes, it is. Come on, let's get something to eat.

Page 42 READING exercise 2 Hi Sam, you know I want a better guitar. Well, my friend Jake told me that his friend is selling one, so I'm going to check it out this evening. I'm going to be really late back. So sorry – you'd better make your own dinner tonight. When your brother is a big star, he'll buy you dinner every night. Hey Billy. I'm not doing anything on Sunday. Want to come round? I've been practising a song called Heart of Gold – do you know it? Maybe we could play together? To be honest, I'm not very good at the guitar. How about you? Gemma Great fun yesterday. A new friend came round and we played guitar together. He's a beginner, but I'm not great, so we had fun. We watched a YouTube lesson for a song called Heart of Gold – it's not too difficult to play. We had tea together afterwards, too. Hi everyone, I've got an acoustic guitar that I want to sell. It's a two-year-old Yamaha, perfect condition, £250 with the case. Anyone interested? If not, tell your friends please! Hi Gemma, I've thought about the guitar. It's really nice but a bit more than I can really afford, so I'm going to stick with my old one for now. But it was nice to talk. Thanks for the tip about the YouTube lessons – that guy is much better than the one I've been using. You know, we ought to practise together some time. What do you think? Billy Hi G, Thanks for last Sunday. It was fun playing the guitar with you and the tea was nice, too. I've listened to some more songs by Neil Young. Old guy, but cool tunes! We should do it again soon. PS Love the photo on Instagram!

Page 44 Culture exercise 3 FROM CAVES TO KINDLES – HOW READING HAS CHANGED Communication without reading and writing Cave paintings are the oldest pictures. Some of them, like the beautiful images in the caves of Altamira in the north of Spain, are almost 30,000 years old. Many of these paintings show animals or hunting scenes. The images do not have written words, but when we look at them, we get an idea of the emotions the people felt when drawing them. The paintings tell stories of hopes and fears. They are an early form of communication. Early forms of written communication Sometime between 4000 and 3000 BCE, people in Egypt and Mesopotamia developed the skill of writing. They engraved text on stone tablets first. But it was impossible to carry stones from place to place. The invention of papyrus allowed documents to be moved easily. Writing on papyrus made it easier to correct mistakes, too. And do you know how they did that? When a scribe – the person who wrote the documents – made a mistake, they licked the ink off the papyrus before it got dry and made their corrections! The history of bookmaking People made the first books from papyrus and from thin animal skins. Paper was invented in China as early as 105 CE. The quality of paper soon became very good. The world's oldest known printed book is from China, too. It was published on May 11, 868CE. In Europe, books were written manually until the middle of the 15th century, when Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in Germany. Since that time, almost 140 million books have been published worldwide. For many people, one of life's greatest pleasures is spending a few hours in a bookshop browsing through the books. Books in their most modern form Books will be around for many years, of course. But there are many other ways of reading books and magazines, such as e-books and apps on mobile phones, which allow you to buy and download reading material to carry around with you and read whenever and wherever you want to. Page 44 PRONUNCIATION exercise 1 My little cousin from London's coming on Monday. She's young and lovely – and very funny. She loves the sun and running and jumping. She doesn't like studying or spending money. Page 44 PRONUNCIATION exercise 3 My little cousin from London's coming on Monday. She's young and lovely – and very funny. She loves the sun and running and jumping. She doesn't like studying or spending money.

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