Unit 11 Future Bodies

Unit 11 Page 102 Reading Exercise 5 CHANGING BODIES A long time ago, people were very different from the way we are now. For example, if you find a really old house somewhere, you'll see that the doors are usually much lower than they are today. Why? Because hundreds of years ago, people were shorter. Over time, the human body changes to adapt to a new way of life. Can we expect the human body to change in the future? For sure. And the main reason is that we have more and more technology, and it is changing how we live. What kind of changes can we expect? Well, no one can be 100 percent sure, but here are some possibilities. 1 Let's start with the example above. Humans are now ten centimetres taller than 150 years ago. So, in the future, people will probably be even taller. Most of us now have much better food than people in the past - and so we grow more. 2 We'll get weaker in more than one way. The most important way is that our muscles will not be as strong as now because we won't do a lot of physical work. 3 We are already using our feet less, and our hands more (think about computers and tablets and so on.) So we can expect that our legs will get shorter and our feet smaller, and at the same time, our fingers will get longer. And our fingers and our eyes will both get better because they'll have to do more work together. 4 Now, what about the mouth? It'll get smaller, perhaps, because technological improvements will mean that we don't need to talk so much - and also because our teeth will get smaller (so mouths don't need to be so big to keep them in). 5 Here's a good one - it's very possible that people will have four toes, not five. The little toe really isn't needed anymore (people who lose them don't miss them), so it will probably disappear sometime in the future. 6 And last but not least - people won't have as much hair on their bodies as now, as we don't need it to keep ourselves warm anymore. Will all these things happen? And if so, when? These are questions that no one can answer for sure.

Page 104 Vocabulary Exercise 6 1 Are you OK? No, ouch. My knee! Aaargh! 2 I ate a lot of food last night. My stomach really isn't too good this morning. 3 Don't eat so quickly - you'll bite your tongue. Ouch! See? I told you! Page 105 Listening Exercise 8 & 9 Conversation 1 Are you all right, Lydia? No, I'm not, Dad. I'm not well at all. What's the matter with you? I've got a really bad stomach ache. Do you think it was something you ate? No, not just one thing. She ate loads. Don't be mean, Liam. Your sister doesn't feel great. He's right, Dad. I think I was too hungry. I didn't have any lunch at school today. I think you need to just go and lie down for a while. I'm sure you'll feel better soon. OK, Dad. I will. I'll just try and rest. And don't worry about the washing-up. I'm sure your brother will do that. What? Me??!! Conversation 2 Come in, Tim. Take a seat. Thank you, Doctor. So how can I help you today? It's my elbow. It's really painful. Look. Hmm, yes, it does look a bit bruised. So what happened? Well, it's a bit of a silly story really. I got home from school yesterday and I didn't have my key with me. I left it in my locker at school so I tried to open the door with my elbow. Oh, I see. And it didn't open? No, it didn't. Well, I don't think it's anything too serious. You need to put some ice on it, and take some painkillers if it hurts too much. So, it's not broken? No, it isn't. You're able to move it so I'm not too worried. But next time you forget your key, just wait for your parents to get home. OK, Doctor. I will. Conversation 3 Hello, John. What can I do for you? It's my neck. OK. And what's the problem with it? Does it hurt? Yes, it does. I can hardly move it. Oh dear. What happened? I'm not sure. I went to bed last night and when I woke up it was really hurting. Did you do any sport yesterday? No, I didn't. But I did sleep with the window open. My grandmother thinks the cold air made it hurt but I'm not so sure. No, I don't think there's any connection there. OK, well, let's have a look at it. Can you take your shirt off for me, please? Sure.

Page 106 Reading Exercise 2 Old Wives' Tales Old Wives' Tales are those 'helpful' things that your grandparents say that are probably not true. They are things like, 'If you watch a lot of TV, you'll get square eyes', 'If you eat carrots, you'll see well in the dark', or 'If you eat cheese at night, you'll have bad dreams'. But are they nonsense or is there sometimes a little bit of truth in them? We decided to investigate more. Let's start with a famous one: 'An apple a day keeps the doctor away'. My grandma said this all the time. Well, of course everyone knows that fruit is an important part of a healthy diet. But can one apple really make a difference? A medical study from 2013 says 'yes'. It found that if people over 50 eat an apple a day, their chances of a heart attack are much smaller than people who don't. What about 'Gain a child, lose a tooth'? They say that when a woman has a child, a tooth will fall out. Researchers at the New York University College of Dentistry studied more than 2,600 women between the ages of 18 and 64 with one or more children and guess what? They found they had more problems with their teeth than women with no children, although they couldn't say exactly why. My great uncle was a big believer that 'fish is brain food'. He ate it all the time and he was a clever man, too. It looks like he might be right. Fish have a lot of omega-3 and omega-6 fats in their oil. Some scientists from Oxford studied 120 primary school children, and they discovered that the children who ate omega-3 and omega-6 made big improvements in their schoolwork. If you eat fish oil, it will help to prevent heart problems, too. It seems like eating fish is a good idea. Finally, what about those carrots? Can they really help your night vision? I've eaten them all my life, but I still walk into things when I get up in the night. Unfortunately, I can't find anything to prove if this is right or wrong. I'll keep looking and I'll let you know as soon as I find out. Page 107 Listening and writing Exercise 12 Hello? Oh hi, Mr Gardner. It's Jackie here, Jackie Martin, Andy's friend from school. Yes, Jackie. Hi. Listen. I'm afraid Andy's not here. He'll be back in about an hour, I think. Oh dear. I really need to talk to him. Do you want to leave a message? Yes please. Um. Well, the thing is, I've got a problem with my homework. The Science homework. OK. And I need to finish it tonight because we re going away tomorrow, for the weekend. Right. So, you want Andy to call you tonight? Yes please. As soon as he gets back. 'As soon as you get back!' OK. Has he got your number? I'm not sure. I've got a new mobile, so can I tell you? Sure. It's 07899 07899 213 223 213 223. OK, got that, Jackie. Leave it to me. I'll make sure he gets the message. Thanks, Mr Gardner. Thanks very much. Bye. Bye.

Page 108 Developing Speaking Exercise 1 & 2 Jessica, hi. Oh no! What happened to you? Hi, Luke. Oh, it's so silly. Yesterday, I slipped and fell on the stairs at home. It was my own fault, of course. I mean, I was looking at my phone and not looking where I was going. And now look. A broken leg. Poor you! You're lucky it wasn't worse than that. I know, you're right. But I'm so disappointed. And angry, too. It's our cup final match on Saturday, and now I can't play. That's a shame. But hey, don't be so hard on yourself. Everyone makes mistakes now and again. I suppose so. But I'm really upset about it anyway. Listen. I've got an idea. Can you wait here for a minute or two? Sure. Whatever. But what are you going to do? Wait and see! two minutes later ... Right, done, all fixed. How about watching the FA Cup semi-final on Sunday? You know, the match in London. Wembley. What, on TV somewhere? No, the real thing. My dad won three tickets to go and see it. He says he can give me two. So how about it? Want to go with us? Seriously? Luke, that's brilliant! I can't wait! Thank you so much! No problem. Tell you what, though. What? When we go into the stadium, don't start looking at your phone, OK? I don't want you to fall again and break your other leg!

Unit 11 Pronunciation Exercise 1 Who's next? Oh, hello Harry. How can I help you? Well, Dr Harris - my head's very hot! Let me see ... does it hurt here? Yes, doctor! That feels horrible! It's your hat, Harry. It's too small! Pronunciation Exercise 3 Who's next? Oh, hello Harry. How can I help you? Well, Dr Harris - my head's very hot! Let me see ... does it hurt here? Yes, doctor! That feels horrible! It's your hat, Harry. It's too small!