Unit 09 Wild and Wonderful

Unit 9 Page 84 Reading Exercise 5 THE WILD side of life More and more people think that life is better in the city than the countryside. For the first time in history more than 50% of the world's population lives in urban areas. However, there are still many groups of people who live in some of the wildest places on the planet. The Kalahari is a large area of bush land in southern Africa. It has two parts. The south part is drier than the north and plants do not grow there very well. Every year at the end of summer it rains and the land becomes more beautiful than at other times of the year. But the grass and the bushes soon get dry and turn brown again. Life there is difficult. The San are a group of people who live in the Kalahari. They live in huts, eat wild animals - even lions - plants and berries. They are very good with bows and arrows, and use them for hunting. Up in the mountains of central Papua New Guinea is the Chimbu Province. This jungle area is one of the world's most remote places. It is also home to Mt Wilhelm, the highest mountain on the island. Several different tribes live in the valleys between the mountains. One of these is the Chimbu skeleton dancers. They paint skeletons onto their bodies. This makes them look scarier and it frightens other people away from their land. The Yamal Peninsula in northern Siberia is one and a half times bigger than France. It is frozen for much of the year and temperatures can reach -50°C in the winter. But this area is home to a tribe of about 10,000 people called the Nenets. The Nenets are nomadic, meaning they frequently move from one place to another. Each year around 300,000 reindeer move around the land and the Nenets always go with them. The recent discovery of gas in the area means more people than before are visiting the Yamal. So the Nenets now have more contact with the outside world. The Bayan-Olgii Province is the highest part of Mongolia. It is a wild area with many mountains, lakes, forests and rivers. It is also home to the Kazakh golden eagle hunters. These people travel around the mountains and use eagles to hunt for foxes and other small animals. When boys turn 13, they can become golden eagle hunters. However, they have to be stronger than most boys their age because they have to show that they can carry the weight of an eagle. There are about 10000 Kazakh people, but only around 250 of them are golden eagle hunters.

Page 86 Vocabulary Exercise 3 1 beach C 2 desert J 3 forest I 4 hill H 5 island A 6 jungle D 7 lake E 8 mountain G 9 ocean B 10 river F Page 87 Listening Exercise 7 & 8 You know so much about the wildlife here, PK. How come? My family are San, bush people, and I learned about nature from the time when I was a child. I was born in the Kalahari. And you grew up and found your wife here? Yes, finding a wife here was very interesting. Tell us more. Yes, let's say a young man wants to marry a girl. So he has to ask her father and he says before you can marry my daughter, you have to do a task. OK. So what type of task does the young man have to do, PK? Well, for example, he has to show that he can take a kill away from a lion. What do you mean 'take a kill away from a lion'? Well, imagine a lion kills an antelope or another large animal. The young man has to find that lion and get the meat, so he can show that he has courage. That's important for his future family. Wow, but how can you do that? How can you find a lion and its kill? You have to look. You have to look for the big birds, the vultures. They are watching the lion because they want some of the meat. OK, so let's say you find the lion and its kill. How can you then get the meat? Isn't that dangerous? Yes, of course the lion is dangerous. You mustn't take the meat away from the lion at night. You have to do that during the day. Why's that? During the day it's very hot. And the big cats can't run fast when it's hot. A man can run even when it's very hot, but lions can't. No? No, they can't. When they eat some meat, they feel very, very hot and get very tired. So they often just lie around and they sleep all the time during the day. At night they are more dangerous because they don't sleep. And at night their eyes are better than your eyes. So you can't get the kill from the lion at night. OK, so you have to do that during the day. But what do you do to get the kill from the lion? OK. So let's say the lion is sleeping. You hold your spear in your hand. You have to be very quiet. And you go up to that lion. Do you attack him with your spear? Kill him? No, no, no, no. You just go up to him and shout, 'Arrrrggggghhhhh!' You mustn't hurt him or kill him, just surprise him, shock him, so he runs away. Wow!

Page 88 Reading Exercise 1 EXTREME NATURE! At 7.30 am on 22 January 1943, the people of Spearfish in South Dakota, US woke up to find the temperature outside was a freezing -20°C. Two minutes later, thermometers were showing a much warmer 7°C - a rise of 27°C in 120 seconds. But it didn't stop there. The temperature continued to go up and by 9 am it was 12°C. Just as the people started to think about enjoying a warm winter's day, the temperature fell 16°C in just under half an hour back down to -4°C and the residents had to put their coats back on! It was the most dramatic temperature change in the history of American weather. The village of Capracotta is in the mountains near the Adriatic coast of Italy. It gets a lot of snow in the winter. But on 5 March 2015 its 1,000 inhabitants saw 256 cm of snowfall in 18 hours. It was the biggest snowfall ever in a day. One photo taken on the day shows a woman in a house shaking hands through the window with her neighbour in the street. The neighbour is standing on top of the snow. The woman is on the second floor of her home! Do you like long sunny days? Then the best city in the world to live in is Reykjavik. 21 June is the longest day of the year in the northern hemisphere and the Icelandic capital gets 21 hours and 45 minutes of daylight. The sun hardly ever goes down. However, Reykjavik could also be the worst place to be. On the shortest day of the year, 21 December, the sun hardly rises there and people get only four hours and seven minutes of daylight. But during winter nights, you can often see the Northern Lights - one of the world's most beautiful natural events. Page 89 Vocabulary Exercise 9 A sunny B rainy C cloudy D cold E freezing F warm G hot H windy I foggy J dry K wet L humid

Page 90 Developing Speaking Exercise 1 & 2 Excuse me. Can we get our ball, please? Yes, of course. Oh, what a lovely garden! Thank you. That's a nice thing to say. Do you like gardening then? Well, not really. I don't know much about flowers and things. But my sister loves them, don't you, Gill? That's right. And your flowers really look wonderful. I love your roses. Thank you again. I do it all myself, you know. My husband helped me before, but he can't walk very well now, so I have to do it all. It's a lot of work. I get very, very tired. Well, we can help you - can't we, James? We're in the middle of a game and I'm winning! Maybe another day. We can finish our game later, James. What would you like us to do? What nice people you are! Well, perhaps you can help me move the table and chairs under that tree. They're in the sun at the moment and it's very hot. But first, I just need to make a phone call and a cup of tea. I'll be back in a minute. No problem. We're fine here. OK. Let's move the table first. We can do that together. Then the chairs. moments later ... Oh, that's fantastic. Well done! Look, let me give you some money for some ice cream or chocolate. To say thank you. No, please. We're happy to help. Come on, James. Bye! How nice! She wanted to give us some money! I know. And I feel so good now. I don't want ice Cream, or chocolate, either. Her smile was enough. That's right. But let's get some ice cream anyway!

Unit 9 Pronunciation Exercise 1 I'd like to live in the wild. What about you, Mike? I prefer a city lifestyle. I don't like lions or tigers - or insects! But living in the wild's much more exciting! Yes, jill - and it's more frightening, too. Pronunciation Exercise 3 I'd like to live in the wild. What about you, Mike? I prefer a city lifestyle. I don't like lions or tigers - or insects! But living in the wild's much more exciting! Yes, jill - and it's more frightening, too.