9 The Eiffel Tower

The EIFFEL TOWER The Eiffel Tower was built for the Exposition Universelle, or World's Fair, in 1889, which celebrated the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution. It is now one of the most well-known landmarks in the world, and has almost seven million visitors every year. Prepared in advance A lot of the rivets (metal bolts that hold the tower together) were inserted in advance at a factory. This, alongside steam cranes and lots of workers, allowed the tower to be built quickly. Built in two years, two months, and five days, the Eiffel Tower's construction was very fast and impressive.

埃菲尔铁塔是为1889年庆祝法国大革命100周年的世界博览会而建的。 它现在是世界上最著名的地标之一，每年有近700万游客。 许多铆钉（将塔固定在一起的金属螺栓）都是在工厂里提前插入的。 再加上蒸汽起重机和大量工人，这座塔得以迅速建成。 埃菲尔铁塔历时两年两个月零五天建成，施工速度非常快，令人印象深刻。

Temporary tower The Eiffel Tower was only supposed to stand for 20 years. But, Gustave Eiffel had the idea of using it for important scientific studies and experiments, which is the reason it still stands today. Sending signals Even now, the Eiffel Tower supplies TV and radio to millions of people across Paris. 2,500,000 rivets were used throughout. The tower has 1,665 steps.

埃菲尔铁塔原计划只矗立20年。 但是，古斯塔夫·埃菲尔想把它用于重要的科学研究和实验，这就是它今天仍然存在的原因。 即使是现在，埃菲尔铁塔仍为巴黎数百万人提供电视和广播服务。 总共使用了250万个铆钉。 这座塔有1665级台阶。

Gustave EIFFEL Gustave Eiffel was born in 1832 in the French city of Dijon. He was an engineer and entrepreneur, who was nicknamed the "magician of iron" for his impressive work building metal structures. Early life After studying chemistry in Paris, Eiffel was hired by an engineer who specialized in steam-powered machines and railroads. Eiffel constructed many of France's national railroads, and led the building of a now-famous railroad bridge. The bridge was his first great achievement, and earned him recognition. Eiffel's first masterpiece: Passerelle Eiffel, Bordeaux, 1860

古斯塔夫·埃菲尔1832年出生于法国的第戎市。 他是一名工程师和企业家，因其令人印象深刻的金属结构建筑而被称为“铁魔术师”。 在巴黎学习化学后，艾菲尔受雇于一位专门研究蒸汽动力机器和铁路的工程师。 埃菲尔建造了许多法国的国家铁路，并领导了一座现在著名的铁路桥的建设。 这座桥是他的第一个伟大成就，并为他赢得了认可。 埃菲尔的第一幅杰作：《路人埃菲尔》，波尔多，1860年

G. Eiffel and Co. Eiffel founded a company in 1867 which constructed viaducts, railroads, road bridges, and large buildings with metal frames. Supporting Lady Liberty Eiffel also designed the steel framework to support the weight of the Statue of Liberty, a gift from France to the USA in 1885. Eiffel built the first aerodynamic laboratory, where he worked throughout WWI.

艾菲尔于1867年成立了一家公司，建造高架桥、铁路、公路桥和大型金属框架建筑。 埃菲尔铁塔还设计了钢框架来支撑自由女神像的重量，自由女神像是1885年法国送给美国的礼物。 埃菲尔建造了第一个空气动力学实验室，他在那里工作了整个第一次世界大战。

World's FAIRS World's fairs are international exhibitions designed to showcase nations' cultural, industrial, and scientific achievements. Usually held for three to six months, the first one was held in 1791 in Prague, in what is now the Czech Republic. In 1851, London's Crystal Palace was built to host their "Great Exhibition."

世界博览会是旨在展示各国文化、工业和科学成就的国际性展览。 第一次会议于1791年在布拉格举行，即现在的捷克共和国，通常举行三到六个月。 1851年，伦敦的水晶宫建成，以举办“世界博览会”。

The golden age The 'golden age of world's fairs, took place between 1880 and 1914. More than 40 international expositions were held in various locations, such as the United States, Australia, Guatemala, and French Indochina (now Vietnam). France's world's fairs The first French world's fair was held in 1855. It lost money, but left a positive legacy, and the French government sponsored many more fairs, each with more attendees. The world's fair in 1889, for which the Eiffel Tower was specifically built, attracted more than 32 million visitors!

1880年至1914年是世界博览会的“黄金时代”。 在美国、澳大利亚、危地马拉和法属印度支那（现在的越南）等不同的地方举办了40多个国际博览会。 第一届法国世界博览会于1855年举行。 它赔钱，但留下了积极的遗产，法国政府赞助了更多的博览会，每一次都有更多的与会者。 1889年的世界博览会吸引了超过3200万游客，埃菲尔铁塔就是为博览会而特别建造的！