3 OOPS, WE DIDN’T SEE THAT COMING

CHAPTER 2 OOPS, WE DIDN'T SEE THAT COMING

哎呀，我们没想到会这样

On day one, we will hike through a wild forest, climb trees, look for mushrooms, and set up camp on the riverbank. On day two, we will canoe down the river, learn how to fish, and build reed huts on the shore of a small lake. On day three, we will climb a hill, collect flint stones, and learn how to make arrow-heads and shoot bows. On day one, we will get to the village, grind wheat grains for ten hours, and sleep in the village. On day two, we will go to the nearby fields, dig little holes in the ground for ten hours, and return to the village for the night. On day three, we will go to the fields, dig an irrigation ditch for ten hours, and return to the village.

第一天，我们将徒步穿过一片野生森林，爬树，寻找蘑菇，并在河岸上扎营。 第二天，我们将划独木舟顺流而下，学习如何钓鱼，并在一个小湖边建造芦苇小屋。 第三天，我们将爬山，收集燧石，学习如何制作箭头和射箭。 第一天，我们到村子里，磨十个小时的麦粒，睡在村子里。 第二天，我们到附近的地里去，在地上挖十个小时的小洞，然后回到村里过夜。 第三天，我们要到地里去，挖十个小时的灌溉渠，然后回到村里。

UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES magine your parents want to take you on a family trip. They hand you a tourist brochure with two options: join a band of gatherers, or stay in a village with ancient farmers. Which trip would you choose? Seems like an easy choice, right? And yet our ancestors stopped roaming freely through the forests and started toiling in the fields. Why? Well, it's quite simple: they weren't given a brochure in advance. When they made the crucial choice, they didn't know what they were in for. Do you sometimes plan something very carefully, but in the end, things happen in a completely different way? Like, say you have a pet rabbit called Bobo who you love very much. But you think Bobo might be lonely because he usually sits by himself in his cage nibbling on a carrot, so you decide to persuade your parents that Bobo needs a friend. You beg your parents, make all kinds of promises, and they eventually agree to get you a second rabbit—on the condition that you take really good care of them. Wonderful! Your plan worked!

想象一下你的父母想带你去家庭旅行。 他们递给你一本旅游手册，上面有两种选择：加入一个采集者的队伍，或者和古代农民住在一个村庄里。 你会选择哪一次旅行？ 看起来是个简单的选择，对吧？ 然而，我们的祖先不再在森林里自由漫步，而是开始在田野里辛勤劳作。 为什么?原因很简单：他们没有提前拿到宣传册。 当他们做出关键的选择时，他们并不知道自己面临的是什么。 你是否有时会非常仔细地计划某件事，但最终事情却以完全不同的方式发生？ 比如，你有一只宠物兔子，名叫波波，你非常喜欢它。 但是你觉得Bobo可能很孤独，因为他经常独自坐在笼子里啃胡萝卜，所以你决定说服你的父母Bobo需要一个朋友。 你乞求你的父母，做出各种各样的承诺，他们最终同意再给你一只兔子——条件是你要好好照顾他们。 太棒了!你的计划成功了！

You're very happy playing with your two rabbits, and they seem very fond of each other too. But after a while you notice that Bobo's friend is growing really big. And then, one morning, there are five sweet baby rabbits in the cage. At first, you like the cute little furballs. You now have seven rabbits! Wow! But soon things get complicated. The baby rabbits keep growing and you need more cages. Somebody also needs to clean the cages and take away all the rabbit poop once a week. And of course, all the rabbits need to eat. Your parents say it was your idea and you have to take care of it. So you have to spend a couple of hours a week cleaning the cages—and a couple more hours earning money to buy more and more carrots. You wash your mom's car, walk your neighbor's dog, and water the plants for the couple down the street. And it works. But that's not what you signed up for! You just wanted a companion for poor Bobo! And what if one day there are even more little bunnies?

你和你的两只兔子玩得很开心，它们似乎也很喜欢对方。 但过了一会儿，你注意到波波的朋友长得很大。 然后，一天早上，笼子里有五只可爱的小兔子。 一开始，你喜欢可爱的小毛球。 你现在有七只兔子了！哇!但很快事情就变得复杂了。 小兔子一直在长大，你需要更多的笼子。 还需要有人每周清理一次笼子，把所有的兔子屎都清理掉。 当然，所有的兔子都需要吃东西。 你父母说这是你的主意，你必须照顾好它。 所以你必须每周花几个小时打扫笼子，然后再花几个小时挣钱买更多的胡萝卜。 你给妈妈洗车，帮邻居遛狗，给街那头的夫妇浇花。 这是有效的。但这不是你想要的！你只是想给可怜的波波找个伴！如果有一天有更多的小兔子呢？

When you do one thing and it causes other, unexpected things to happen, those unexpected things are called unintended consequences. Your rabbit plan worked—but your life is now much more stressful because of the unintended consequences. Something like this happened to our ancestors during the Agricultural Revolution. They had a big plan too: work harder and get a better life. But it didn't turn out exactly as they'd hoped. They definitely worked harder, but they didn't always get a better life. They got a lot of unintended consequences instead. SKELETON STORIES When archaeologists find the skeletons of ancient people, they can often see differences between gatherers and farmers. Gatherers' skeletons are usually taller, they have more teeth, and they show fewer signs of starvation and illness. Farmers' skeletons are usually shorter, many of their teeth are missing, and they show more signs

当你做一件事，它会导致其他意想不到的事情发生，这些意想不到的事情被称为意想不到的后果。 你的兔子计划成功了——但由于意想不到的后果，你的生活现在压力更大了。 在农业革命时期，类似的事情发生在我们的祖先身上。 他们也有一个大计划：努力工作，过上更好的生活。 但结果并不像他们希望的那样。 他们确实更努力地工作，但他们并不总是得到更好的生活。 反而产生了很多意想不到的后果。 当考古学家发现古代人类的骨骼时，他们通常可以看到采集者和农民之间的差异。 采集者的骨骼通常更高，他们有更多的牙齿，他们很少显示出饥饿和疾病的迹象。 农民的骨骼通常较短，他们的许多牙齿都不见了，而且他们表现出更多的迹象

of famine and disease. Many have twisted spines, ruined knees, and damaged necks. If a gatherer's skeleton met a farmer's skeleton, perhaps in some archaeologist's lab, their conversation might go like this: "Hi, buddy," Gatherbone the gatherer skeleton would say. "What happened to your spine and knees? You and your farmer friends look terrible!" "Well, that's because we worked so hard!" Farmskull, the farmer skeleton, would reply. "You try digging holes and ditches all day, and let's see how you look!" "And how come you farmer skeletons have so many teeth missing?" asked Gatherbone. "And why are you so short?"

饥荒和疾病。许多人脊椎扭曲，膝盖受损，脖子受损。 如果一个采集者的骨骼遇到了一个农民的骨骼，也许在一些考古学家的实验室里，他们的谈话可能是这样的：“嗨，伙计，”采集者的骨骼会说。 “你的脊柱和膝盖怎么了？” 你和你的农民朋友看起来糟透了！”“嗯，那是因为我们太努力了！”农夫骷髅会回答。 “你试着整天挖洞挖沟，让我们看看你会变成什么样子！”“你们这些农民的骷髅怎么掉了这么多牙齿？” “你为什么这么矮？”