4 Useful electricity

Chapter 4 Useful electricity Just think what we could do with this power! Once people knew how electricity worked, and how to make it, they started thinking about how to use it. All kinds of useful electrical inventions began to appear.

第四章有用的电，想想我们可以用这种力量做些什么！一旦人们知道电是如何工作的，以及如何制造它，他们就开始思考如何使用它。 各种有用的电子发明开始出现。

The most important inventor was Michael Faraday, who worked on electricity in England in the 1830s. Faraday was particularly interested in how electricity and magnets could work together. Let's see if this works.

最重要的发明家是19世纪30年代在英国从事电力研究的迈克尔·法拉第。 法拉第对电和磁铁如何协同工作特别感兴趣。 让我们看看这是否可行。

He put a magnet in a dish of mercury, close to a wire with an electric current flowing through it. The wire moved in a circle around the magnet. This wire is attached to the battery. This wire is tree to move. Magnet Mercury conducts the electricity. Battery

他把一块磁铁放在一盘水银里，靠近一根有电流流过的电线。 导线绕着磁铁作圆周运动。 这根电线连着电池。 这根电线不能动。 水银导电。 电池

Faraday's experiment led to two very important inventions- the motor and the generator. A motor turns electricity into movement. You can see how it works in a modern electric fan. 1. Electricity flows along a wire into the fan. 2. Inside the fan, a motor uses a magnet to turn the electricity into spinning energy. Motor Belt 3. The motor turns a small wheel, attached to a belt, attached to the fan blades.

法拉第的实验导致了两项非常重要的发明——电动机和发电机。 马达把电转化为运动。 你可以在现代电风扇上看到它是如何工作的。 1. 电流沿着导线流入风扇。 2. 在风扇内部，电机利用磁铁将电力转化为旋转能量。 3.电机皮带电机转动一个小轮子，连接在皮带上，连接在风扇叶片上。

There are motors in all kinds of electrical appliances today. In a breadmaker, a motor makes a paddle turn around to mix the dough. A motor spins CDs inside a CD player. A motor makes the drum turn in a washing machine. There's even a tiny motor in an electric toothbrush.

今天各种各样的电器中都有电动机。 在面包机中，马达带动桨转动来混合面团。 在CD播放机里，马达使CD旋转。 马达使洗衣机的滚筒转动。 电动牙刷里甚至还有一个微型马达。

A generator works in the opposite way to a motor. It changes movement, such as the turning of a windmill, into electricity. Wind makes windmill blades spin around. Generator The generator turns this spinning energy into electricity. Then the electricity is carried away along power lines to be used. Power lines Most of the electricity we use is produced by generators. They can be driven by wind, water, gas, steam or nuclear power.

发电机的工作原理与电动机相反。 它将运动，如风车的转动，转化为电能。 风使风车的叶片旋转。 发电机把这种旋转的能量转化为电能。 然后，电力沿着电线被输送出去供人们使用。 我们使用的大部分电是由发电机产生的。 它们可以由风、水、天然气、蒸汽或核能驱动。