part 5

40 Why do people work? Do they work only for their private needs—because of their need for homes and food and clothing for themselves and their families? Why do some people work when they have enough of all these things? Do they work for pleasure, because making things, for example, gives them pleasure? Do some of them work for the public good? Why are some people happier when they are working? Isn't work one of their needs? Why do you work? Do you need to work to be happy? Do we know one another's needs? Aren't we in the dark about some of them?

人们为什么要工作？他们工作仅仅是为了他们个人的需要吗——因为他们需要为自己和家人提供住房、食物和衣服？ 为什么有些人在拥有了足够多的这些东西后还继续工作？ 他们是为了快乐而工作吗，比如说，因为制造东西能给他们带来快乐？ 他们中的一些人是为公共利益工作的吗？ 为什么有些人在工作时更快乐？ 难道工作不是他们的需求之一吗？ 你为什么要工作？你需要工作才能快乐吗？ 我们知道彼此的需求吗？ 我们不是对其中一些一无所知吗？

41 If all the people alive on the earth today were hand in hand like this, the line they would make would go much more than fifty times round the earth. The line of people would go out to the moon and back five times. It would be long enough to do that. But there isn't a line of people which goes out to the moon and back. And the people of the earth aren't hand in hand; far from it! That is why we said "were" (not "are") and "They would go" (not "they go"). We say: If the angles in this triangle are equal, then the sides will be equal. But we say: If the angles in this triangle were equal, the sides would be equal.

如果今天地球上所有的人都像这样手拉手，他们所排的线可以绕地球50圈以上。 这一行人可以往返月球五次。 时间足够长了。 但是没有一群人可以往返月球。 地球上的人们也不是手拉手；远非如此！这就是为什么我们说“were”（而不是“are”）和“They would go”（而不是“They go”）。 我们说：如果这个三角形的内角相等，那么这两条边也相等。 但是我们说，如果这个三角形的内角相等，那么这两条边也相等。

42 People are not hand in hand, but their minds today are being put increasingly into touch with one another through reading and writing and in many other ways. We are in touch with other people everywhere through pictures of them. Newspapers and television give us photographs of almost everything. The faces of important people can be seen by the public everywhere. Before 1800 nobody could take photographs. Nobody had had the idea of using the knowledge of how light is bent by glass (See EP 2, pp. 103-106) to make pictures. Here is a camera which is taking a picture of a man. You will see that the picture inside the camera is upside down.

人们不再手牵手，但如今他们的思想通过阅读、写作和其他许多方式越来越多地相互联系。 我们通过他们的照片与世界各地的人保持联系。 报纸和电视给我们提供了几乎所有事物的照片。 公众随处都能看到重要人物的面孔。 1800年以前，没有人会拍照。 没有人想到利用玻璃如何弯曲光线的知识（见第2集，第2页）。 （103-106）制作图片。 这里有一台照相机正在给一个人拍照。 你会看到相机里的照片是上下颠倒的。

43 Another way in which people are getting to know more about one another is through the radio. Words were first sent from one place to another by telephone more than a hundred years ago. A word can now go by telephone from the Atlantic to the Pacific in one-twelfth (1.12) of a second. A telephone needs wires, but the radio, which came into use almost one hundred years ago, can send sounds any distance without wires. Television (TV), which is one of the great new powers— for good or bad—of our time, lets a public person talk to millions while they sit in their private homes seeing the person as if standing right there in front of them.

人们进一步了解彼此的另一种方式是通过广播。 一百多年前，文字第一次通过电话从一个地方传到另一个地方。 现在，一个单词通过电话从大西洋传到太平洋只需十二分之一秒。 电话需要电线，但是大约100年前开始使用的收音机可以不用电线把声音传送到任何距离。 电视，这是一种伟大的新力量——对我们这个时代是好是坏——让一个公众人物坐在他们的私人家中与数百万人交谈，看着这个人就好像站在他们面前一样。

44 But people can't know what any person is saying if they don't know the language. Up to a hundred years ago few people needed to learn foreign languages because not many people went into foreign countries. Now, the need to learn other people's languages is becoming greater every day.

但是，如果人们不懂一种语言，他们就听不懂别人在说什么。 直到一百年前，很少有人需要学习外语，因为没有多少人去外国。 现在，学习他人语言的需求与日俱增。

45 Today millions of people, young and old, go into foreign countries every year on business or for pleasure. One can see babies in baskets being taken about by air every day. That is a quicker way to get about than on one's mother's back. Here is a woman who is carrying her baby on her back. She carries the child with her wherever she goes. In the last hundred years people have learnt to go over land and sea through the air as almost all birds and many insects can. People are carried through the air in airplanes.

如今，每年有成千上万的人，无论老少，因商务或旅游到国外去。 人们每天都可以看到篮子里的婴儿被空运。 这可比骑在妈妈的背上快多了。 这是一位背着孩子的妇女。 无论走到哪里，她都带着孩子。 在过去的一百年里，人们已经学会了像几乎所有的鸟类和许多昆虫一样，通过空气飞越陆地和海洋。 人们乘坐飞机在空中飞行。