part 24

230 In every sentence you write, the feed-back from the letters of any word you are writing, together with your knowledge of the spelling of the word, tells you which letter to write next. But feed-back can do this only because you fed forward that word and no other as the word you would write. And in writing any sentence, feed-back from the words you have written can tell you what to write next only because you fed forward that sentence. And you fed forward that sentence only because of a more general feed-forward, the purpose of the paragraph in which the sentence is to take part. And the paragraph too depends upon the chapter and the chapter on the book. "General"? What does this word mean? Each of these circles as they go out from YOU represents a more general idea than all that is within.

在你写的每一个句子中，你正在写的每个单词的字母的反馈，加上你对这个单词拼写的认识，会告诉你下一个应该写哪个字母。 但反馈之所以能做到这一点，只是因为你转发了那个词，而不是其他你想写的词。 在写任何句子时，你所写的单词的反馈可以告诉你下一步该写什么，因为你把这个句子转发了。 你前馈那个句子只是因为一个更普遍的前馈，这个句子所在的段落的目的。 段落取决于章节，章节取决于书。 “将军”?这个单词是什么意思？ 这些圆圈中的每一个，当它们从你身上出来的时候，代表了一个比内在的更普遍的想法。

231 Every breath we take is controlled by feed-forward and feed-back. If you want to be heard at the back of the room you take a deeper breath as you speak. And why do you want to be heard? What part does what you have to say take in your larger purposes, and in the larger purposes still in which you take part? Before life came up out of the sea, it seems probable that there was no free oxygen or carbon dioxide in what is now the air. The gases necessary for life on land were put into the air, scientists think, little by little by living things themselves. What over-all purpose is there of which all our purposes are parts? Here is a rough copy of one of the greatest works of William Blake (1757–1827). It represents Design at work beginning to give order to the world.

我们的每一次呼吸都是由前馈和反馈控制的。 如果你想让后面的人听到你说的话，你说话的时候要深呼吸。 你为什么想让别人听到你的声音？ 你要说的话在你的更大的目的中占了什么比例，在你仍然参与的更大的目的中又占了什么比例？ 在生命从海洋中出现之前，现在的空气中似乎没有自由的氧气或二氧化碳。 科学家们认为，陆地上生命所必需的气体是由生物自己一点一点地释放到空气中的。 我们所有的目的都是其中的一部分，究竟有什么总体目的呢？ 这是威廉·布莱克（1757-1827）最伟大的作品之一的草稿。 它代表设计在工作中开始给世界秩序。

232 John Amos Comenius (1592–1670) was, so far as we know, the first man to use pictures in books written for beginning readers and for beginners in a second language. (It was Latin.) He was to have been the first head of Harvard College, where this book is being written, but could not come. Comenius began his reader, Orbis Pictus (Nürnberg, 1657), with this picture. The teacher is saying: "Come, Boy, learn to be wise." And the boy asks: "What does this mean, to be wise?" The teacher answers: "To understand rightly, to do rightly and to speak out rightly all that is necessary."

据我们所知，约翰·阿摩司·Comenius（1592-1670）是第一个在为初学者和第二语言初学者写的书中使用图片的人。 （是拉丁文。）他本应成为哈佛学院的首任院长，但未能如愿。这本书就是在哈佛学院写成的。 夸美纽斯以这幅画开始了他的读物《奥比斯·皮克图》（n<s:1>伦伯格，1657年）。 老师在说：“来吧，孩子，学会做个聪明人。” 男孩问：“成为智者是什么意思？”老师回答说：“正确地理解，正确地做，正确地说，这一切都是必要的。”

233 The teacher gives the boy an answer though he knows that no one can become wise all in a minute. All our lives through, we go on learning how to understand rightly, to do what is right, and to speak out at the right time. See the size of the question the boy is asking! In this book we have not tried to give any answers, but only to bring together some of the more important ideas and facts needed if we are to ask ourselves what we should know and think and feel and desire and do. To have been wise is to have known, thought, felt, desired and done as was best. But there are many different ways of knowing, thinking, feeling, desiring and doing. Which are the best? That is the question. Our lives are our attempts to find an answer, and language is the most important of all our instruments for this purpose.

老师给了男孩一个答案，尽管他知道没有人能一下子变得聪明。 在我们的一生中，我们不断学习如何正确地理解，做正确的事，在正确的时间说出来。 看这男孩问的问题有多大！在这本书中，我们并没有试图给出任何答案，而只是把一些更重要的观点和事实汇集在一起，如果我们要问自己，我们应该知道什么，思考什么，感觉什么，渴望什么，做什么。 明智的人是知道、思考、感受、渴望和做最好的事。 但是有许多不同的方式去认识、思考、感受、渴望和行动。 哪些是最好的？这就是问题所在。 我们的生活就是我们寻找答案的尝试，而语言是我们达到这个目的的最重要的工具。