part 9

98 Changes in the heat which comes to the earth from the sun are one cause of changes in the weather. This discovery is new. A man of science made the discovery in 1944. He made it by measuring the heat which comes to the earth every day from the sun. The amount of heat is different from day to day. On some days the sun sends more heat to the earth. On other days it sends less heat to the earth. There is more water in this glass than in that. We are making new discoveries every day. Columbus made the discovery of America in 1492. Columbus came to America in his ship in 1492.

从太阳传到地球的热量的变化是天气变化的原因之一。 这是一个新发现。1944年，一位科学家发现了这一现象。 他是通过测量每天从太阳照射到地球上的热量得出这个结论的。 热量每天都不一样。 在某些日子里，太阳向地球发送更多的热量。 在其他日子里，它向地球发送的热量较少。 这个杯子里的水比那个杯子里的水多。 我们每天都有新的发现。 哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。 哥伦布于1492年乘船来到美洲。

99 What were some other great discoveries? One of them was fire. Fire is of very great use to us. It gives us heat. Another great discovery was the wheel. Wheels are round. They go round. A cart. They are of very great use to us. Another great discovery was clothing. What are these? These are some other sorts of clothing. The making of cloth was a great discovery. This is how we make cloth. These are threads. (See page 47.) They go across from one side to the other of a frame.

还有什么其他伟大的发现？ 其中之一是火。火对我们有很大的用处。 它给我们热量。另一个伟大的发现是轮子。 轮子是圆的。他们四处走动。 一个购物车。它们对我们非常有用。 另一个伟大的发现是服装。 这些是什么？这些是其他种类的衣服。 制布是一项伟大的发现。 我们就是这样做布的。 这些是线。（见第47页。）它们从一个框架的一边穿过到另一边。

100 These are other threads. They go across the first threads. They go under and over them. This is cloth. This is a roll of cloth. We make clothing of cloth. We make cloth of threads. We make threads from wool and cotton and silk. We get wool from sheep. Wool is the thick warm hair of sheep. We take the wool off the sheep's back with scissors.

这些是别的线。 它们穿过第一个线程。 它们在它们下面和上面穿梭。 这是布。这是一卷布。 我们用布做衣服。 我们用线织布。我们用羊毛、棉花和丝绸织成线。 我们从羊身上得到羊毛。羊毛是绵羊的厚而温暖的毛。 我们用剪刀把羊毛从羊背上剪下来。

101 We make threads from the wool by twisting the hairs round and round. That wheel is going round. It is giving a twist to the thread. It is twisting the thread. We get cotton from the cotton plant. Cotton is the soft white hair round the seeds of the plant. These are different sorts of seeds. Plants come up from seeds which come from other plants of the same sort. We get silk from the silkworm. This worm makes a soft strong thread of silk and puts it round itself like a coat.

我们把毛线一圈一圈地捻成线。 那个轮子在转。 它使线变得更紧了。 它在捻线。 我们从棉花厂里得到棉花。 棉花是植物种子周围柔软的白色绒毛。 这些是不同种类的种子。 植物是由其他同类植物的种子长成的。 我们从蚕身上得到丝。 这种蠕虫会织出柔软结实的丝线，把丝线像外套一样绕在自己身上。

102 Wool, cotton, and silk are different sorts of cloth. We make clothing of all these sorts of cloth. When the weather is cold we put on thick warm wool clothing. When the weather is warm we put on thin cotton clothing. Cotton clothing is not as warm as wool clothing. Thick clothing keeps us warm. It keeps us warmer than thin clothing. Thick cloth keeps air in it, between the threads. The air does not let heat go through it. A thick roof keeps the heat of the house in. A thin roof lets the heat go through it. A thick roof keeps the heat of the sun out.

羊毛、棉花和丝绸是不同种类的布。 我们用各种各样的布做衣服。 天气冷的时候，我们穿上厚厚的暖和的羊毛衣服。 天气暖和时，我们穿上薄棉衣。 棉质衣服不如羊毛衣服暖和。 厚衣服使我们保暖。 它比薄衣服更保暖。 厚布能在线间保持空气。 空气不让热量通过它。 厚厚的屋顶使房子不受热。 薄屋顶可以让热量通过。 厚厚的屋顶把太阳的热量挡在外面。

103 Here is a pencil. It is straight. It is not bent. Here is a glass of water. I put the pencil in the water. The pencil seems bent where it goes into the water. The pencil is straight but it seems bent. It seems like this. But it is like this. It is straight, not bent. It seems bent, not straight.

这是一支铅笔。它是直的。 它没有弯曲。这里有一杯水。 我把铅笔放在水里。 铅笔在下水的地方似乎弯了。 这支铅笔是直的，但好像是弯的。 看起来是这样的。但事情是这样的。 它是直的，不是弯的。它看起来是弯的，不是直的。