part 8

84 The answer is: "Because it is going round the earth." This is a cord in my hand. The cord has a weight at its end. The weight is hanging down on the cord which is in my hand. I make the weight go round on the cord. I keep the end of the cord in my hand. Now I let the end of the cord in my hand go. The weight goes off in a straight line. It takes the cord with it.

答案是：“因为它绕着地球转。” 这是我手里的一根绳子。 绳子的末端有重物。 重物垂在我手里的绳子上。 我让重物绕着绳子转。 我把绳子的末端握在手里。 现在我放开手中的绳子。 重量呈直线下降。 它带着绳子。

85 The pull of the cord in my hand kept the weight from going off in a straight line. The attraction between the earth and the moon keeps the moon from going off in a straight line. The moon goes round and round the earth… month after month It does not get farther from the earth, or nearer to the earth. It keeps about the same distance from the earth.

我手里绳子的拉力使重物不能沿直线下落。 地球和月球之间的引力使月球不能沿直线运行。 月亮绕着地球转啊转，月复一月，它离地球既不会更远，也不会更近。 它与地球的距离大致相同。

86 Here is Sir Isaac Newton, the great man of science. Newton had a great mind. He is under an apple tree. It is the year 1666. Those are apples which are over his head. The seat has three legs. Here is an apple which was over his head. The apple was on a branch of the tree. The apple came off the branch. It came down. It came down on Newton's head.

这位是伟大的科学家艾萨克·牛顿爵士。 牛顿有一个伟大的头脑。他在一棵苹果树下。 这是1666年。在他头上的那些是苹果。 这个座位有三条腿。这是他头顶上的一个苹果。 苹果在树枝上。 苹果从树枝上掉了下来。 它下来了。它落在牛顿的头上。

87 That is the story. The story may be true or it may not be true. But that is the story. It comes from the great writer, Voltaire. True? 2 + 2 = 4. That is true. 2 + 2 = 5. That is not true. It is a false statement. "Apples are fruit." That statement is true. "Apples are animals." That statement is false. In this story the fall of the apple on Newton's head was the cause of the idea. The blow which the apple gave to Newton's head gave an idea to Newton. It made a question come into Newton's mind. This was the question: "Have the fall of the apple and the motion of the moon the same cause?"

事情就是这样。这个故事可能是真的，也可能不是真的。 但这就是故事。它出自伟大的作家伏尔泰。 真的吗?2 + 2 = 4。这是真的。 2 + 2 = 5。这不是真的。 这是一个虚假的陈述。“苹果是水果。” 这句话是对的。“苹果是动物。” 这种说法是错误的。在这个故事中，苹果掉在牛顿的头上是产生这个想法的原因。 苹果砸在牛顿头上的一击使牛顿产生了一个念头。 这使牛顿想到了一个问题。 这个问题是：“苹果的掉落和月亮的运行是同一个原因吗？”

88 Here is a ball. It is hanging on a cord. I will give a blow to the ball with this stick. I gave the blow. Now the ball is in motion. What was the cause of the motion? The blow of the stick was the cause of the motion. The ball was not in motion before the blow. It was at rest. It was hanging on the end of the cord. The blow was the cause of the motion. After the blow the ball was in motion. The motion came from the blow. The motion was the effect of the blow.

这是一个球。它挂在一根绳子上。 我要用这根棍子打这个球。 我给了他一拳。现在球在运动。 动议的原因是什么？ 棍子的击打是运动的原因。 这一击之前球并没有运动。 它是静止的。它挂在绳子的一端。 这一击是运动的原因。 这一击之后，球开始运动。 动作是由击打引起的。 这个动作是击打的结果。

93 What is this? The man has an umbrella in his hand. It is open. He has it over his head. Why? Because it is raining. Water is coming down from the sky. The water is rain. Rain is coming down. Rain is falling. It is raining. The rain made the man put up his umbrella. That was the effect of the rain. Today is Monday. Yesterday (Sunday) the sun was bright. There were no clouds in the sky. Today there are dark clouds in the sky. They come between us and the sun. The dark clouds keep the light of the sun from us.

这是什么？那人手里拿着一把伞。 它是开放的。他把它顶在头上了。 为什么?因为下雨了。 水正从天上降下来。 水是雨。下雨了。 下雨了。天在下雨。 雨使那人把伞撑了起来。 那是雨的影响。 今天是星期一。昨天（星期日）太阳很亮。 天空中没有云。 今天天空乌云密布。 它们挡在我们和太阳之间。 乌云挡住了阳光。