5 How Paper is Made

How Paper is Made written by Julie Ellis

Julie Ellis的《纸是如何制成的?

pine trees Most paper is made from large, quick-growing softwood trees, like pines. The trees are specially grown for papermaking. Millions of new trees are planted every year so that there will always be new trees growing. When the trees are cut down, their branches are cut off to make logs.

大多数纸张都是由高大、生长迅速的软木制成的，比如松树。 这些树是专门为造纸而种的。 每年都要种植数百万棵新树，这样就会有新的树生长。 当树木被砍倒时，它们的树枝被砍下来做原木。

floating logs It is not easy to drive large trucks close enough to pick up the logs. Sometimes logs are floated down a river because that is an easier way to move them.

将大型卡车开到足够近的地方去取走这些原木并不容易。 有时原木会顺流而下，因为这是一种更容易移动的方法。

wood chips Once the logs reach the timber mill, the bark is taken off. They are chopped into small wood chips, which are then taken by truck to a paper mill. The chips are turned into wood fibre by grinding them between two strong discs. Old paper can also be used for fibre. The wood fibre is turned into pulp by adding steam.

原木一旦被送到木材厂，树皮就会被剥掉。 它们被切成小木片，然后用卡车运到造纸厂。 通过在两个结实的圆盘之间研磨，木屑变成了木纤维。 旧纸也可用作纤维。 加入蒸汽把木纤维变成纸浆。

paper pulp The pulp is washed and strained to take out any large bits of fibre. Water is added to make the pulp liquid. Sometimes bleach is used to make it white, or colour can be added. The pulp is then pressed onto a wire screen. It looks like paper, but it is very wet. The wet paper is sent through rollers to squeeze the water out. When the paper has been dried, it goes through more rollers to make it smooth.

纸浆经过洗涤和过滤，以去掉任何大块的纤维。 加水使纸浆变成液体。 有时使用漂白剂使其变白，或者可以添加颜色。 然后将纸浆压在丝网上。 它看起来像纸，但是很湿。 湿纸通过滚筒把水挤出来。 纸张干燥后，要经过更多的滚筒使其光滑。

paper rolls There are many different kinds of paper that need to be finished in different ways. What will the paper be used for? Most paper needs a special finish sprayed onto both sides. Some paper needs to be soft, and some needs a smooth, shiny finish. The paper is put on a large roll so it can be cut, wrapped, and labelled. It is loaded onto trucks and taken to stores to be sold. Paper is not all used for writing. How many different uses for paper do you know?

有许多不同种类的纸需要用不同的方法来完成。 这些纸将被用来做什么? 大多数纸张需要在两面都喷上特殊的处理剂。 有些纸需要柔软，有些需要光滑、有光泽的表面。 纸张被放在一个大卷上，这样它就可以被切割、包裹和贴上标签。 它们被装上卡车，运到商店出售。 纸并不都是用来写字的。 你知道纸有多少种不同的用途?