9 Chapter 8 White House Years

Chapter 8 White House Years Eleanor Roosevelt was a different kind of first lady. Before Eleanor, first ladies did not work. They did not speak in public and share their opinions. Eleanor chose not to sit back and just be a good hostess. She had ideas. She wanted to help people. She was not content to pour tea and smile at White House parties. The staff at the White House was shocked to see Eleanor moving furniture herself her very first week as first lady. But she wanted the White House family rooms to look like a home, not a museum.

埃莉诺·罗斯福是一位与众不同的第一夫人。 在埃莉诺之前，第一夫人不工作。 他们没有公开发言，也没有分享自己的观点。 埃莉诺没有袖手旁观，只是做个好女主人。 她有自己的想法。她想帮助别人。 她不满足于在白宫聚会上倒茶和微笑。 白宫的工作人员看到埃莉诺在成为第一夫人的第一周就自己搬家具时都很震惊。 但她希望白宫的家庭房间看起来像一个家，而不是一个博物馆。

Eleanor had meetings with women reporters. She was the first first lady to hold press conferences about issues of the day. And reporters were happy to write about everything the first lady did and said. They followed her on visits to slums

埃莉诺会见女记者。 她是第一个就当天的问题召开新闻发布会的第一夫人。 记者们乐于报道第一夫人的一言一行。 他们跟着她走访贫民窟

near the White House. She visited the camp set up by former soldiers who were out of work. Reporters quoted her saying that it was disgraceful to have people living in poverty. Franklin Roosevelt worked hard to end the Great Depression of the 1930s. He created the New Deal. That was the name for a group of government programs created to get the economy back on its feet. Banks reopened with government help. They loaned money to farms and businesses. The loans helped save jobs and create new ones. President Roosevelt passed laws to help people while they were out of work. For example, the Social Security Act of 1935 gave money to retired people, as well as to disabled people and to

在白宫附近。她参观了由失业的退伍军人建立的营地。 记者引用她的话说，让人们生活在贫困中是可耻的。 富兰克林·罗斯福努力结束了20世纪30年代的大萧条。 他创立了新政。这是一系列政府项目的名称，旨在让经济重新站稳脚跟。 银行在政府的帮助下重新开业。 他们贷款给农场和企业。 这些贷款帮助挽救了就业机会，并创造了新的就业机会。 罗斯福总统通过了一些法律来帮助失业的人们。 例如，1935年的《社会保障法》(Social Security Act)给退休人员、残疾人和老年人提供了资金

workers who had lost their jobs. By 1940, the government had provided sixteen million dollars for people in need. It was a new kind of government, a government that looked after its citizens. THE GREAT DEPRESSION IN THE 1920S, MANY PEOPLE BECAME RICH BUYING STOCKS. (STOCKS ARE SHARES OF COMPANIES.) THEN IN LATE OCTOBER, 1929, THE STOCK MARKET CRASHED. THAT MEANT MANY STOCKS BECAME WORTHLESS. THIS FORCED MANY COMPANIES THAT ISSUED STOCKS AND THE

失去工作的工人。 到1940年，政府已经为有需要的人提供了1600万美元。 这是一种新型的政府，一个照顾公民的政府。 在20世纪20年代的大萧条时期，许多人通过买股票发家致富。 (股票是公司的股份。)1929年10月下旬，股市崩盘。 这意味着许多股票变得一文不值。 这迫使许多公司发行股票和股票

BANKS THAT INVESTED IN THEM TO CLOSE. BY 1932, FIVE THOUSAND BANKS HAD CLOSED AND ABOUT THIRTYTWO THOUSAND COMPANIES WERE OUT OF BUSINESS. OVER TWELVE MILLION PEOPLE LOST THEIR JOBS. MANY PEOPLE LOST THEIR HOMES, TOO. WHAT COULD BE DONE TO HELP PEOPLE?

投资他们的银行关门大吉。 到1932年，5000家银行倒闭，大约32000家公司破产。 超过1200万人失去了工作。 许多人也失去了家园。 我们能做些什么来帮助人们?

All first ladies receive letters and requests from people. But Eleanor received much more than anyone before her. In 1933, more than three-hundred thousand letters came from every part of the country—from children, mothers, and families. Eleanor and her secretary, Malvina "Tommy" Thompson, answered every single one! Eleanor also traveled all over the United States. In the days before television, this brought her in touch with the people of America. In 1933, she traveled almost forty thousand miles. Her travels earned her the nickname "Everywhere Eleanor." And the support and love that Eleanor received from the letters and her trips made Eleanor proud of who she was and what she did. During the White House years, photos of Eleanor show her smiling.

所有的第一夫人都会收到人们的来信和请求。 但埃莉诺收到的比她之前的任何人都多。 1933年，来自全国各地的儿童、母亲和家庭来信超过30万封。 埃莉诺和她的秘书马尔维娜·汤米·汤普森回答了每一个问题!埃莉诺还走遍了美国。 在电视出现之前的日子里，这使她接触到了美国人民。 1933年，她旅行了近4万英里。 她的旅行为她赢得了“无处不在的埃莉诺”的绰号。 埃莉诺从这些信件和她的旅行中得到的支持和爱让埃莉诺为自己和她所做的事情感到自豪。 在白宫的那些年里，埃莉诺的照片上都是微笑的。