7 Chapter 6 Tom and Huck

Chapter 6 Tom and Huck "You can't depend on your judgment when your imagination is out of focus." —Mark Twain In the summers, Mark, Livy, and the girls went to Quarry Farm, Livy's sister's house in Elmira, New York. After a breakfast of steak and coffee, Mark would disappear to a little hilltop study where he would write and smoke some forty cigars a day. Usually he worked straight through lunch, his pen streaming across the page. Even after typewriters came into use in the 1870s, Mark Twain preferred to write in longhand.

第六章汤姆和哈克当你的想象力不集中时，你就不能依靠你的判断了。 夏天的时候，马克、李维和女孩们会去采石场，这是李维姐姐在纽约埃尔米拉的家。 吃完牛排和咖啡的早餐后，马克会消失在山顶的一间小书房里，在那里写作，每天抽40支左右的雪茄。 通常他一直工作到午饭时间，笔在纸上不停地写。 即使在19世纪70年代打字机投入使用之后，马克·吐温还是更喜欢用手写。

Mark spent the summers of 1874 and 1875 writing what would become his most popular book: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Tom Sawyer is based on the young Sam Clemens himself— Tom's about twelve, and full of ideas and mischief. Tom lives in a river town very much like Hannibal in the years before the Civil War. He does what he likes and avoids doing what he doesn't.

马克在1874年和1875年的夏天写了他最受欢迎的书:《汤姆·索亚历险记》。 《汤姆·索亚》的原型是年轻时的山姆·克莱门斯本人——汤姆大约十二岁，满脑子奇思妙想，爱搞恶作剧。 汤姆住在一个河镇，很像南北战争前的汉尼拔。 他做他喜欢的事，避免做他不喜欢的事。

In one of the book's most famous scenes, Tom makes the chore of whitewashing a fence look like so much fun that his friends beg him to let them help. Some even pay for the opportunity! Mark wrote: Tom resumed his whitewashing and answered carelessly: "Like it? Well, I don't see why I oughtn't to like it. Does a boy get a

在书中最著名的一个场景中，汤姆把刷栅栏的苦差事看得如此有趣，以至于他的朋友都求他让他们帮忙。 有些人甚至为这个机会付钱!汤姆继续刷墙，漫不经心地回答:“喜欢吗? 嗯，我不明白为什么我不应该喜欢它。 男孩会得到a吗

chance to whitewash a fence every day?" That put the thing in a new light. Ben stopped nibbling his apple. Tom swept his brush daintily back and forth—stepped back to note the effect—added a touch here and there—criticised the effect again—Ben watching every move and getting more and more interested, more and more absorbed. Presently he said: "Say, Tom, let me whitewash a little." The Adventures of Tom Sawyer was an instant hit with children, but adults read it, too. It is still popular with people of all ages today. In the summer of 1876, Mark began a sequel to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. This time, Tom's friend Huckleberry Finn was the main character. Huck was ragged and uneducated, but he had a good heart. However, what Mark thought would be another funny boys' adventure story became something much deeper and more serious. Mark put Huck on a raft, floating down the Mississippi with a runaway slave named Jim.

每天都有机会粉刷栅栏吗?”这使人们对这件事有了新的认识。 本不再啃苹果了。 汤姆灵巧地前后刷着刷子，退后几步观察效果——这里加一点，那里加一点——又批评一下效果——本观察着每一个动作，越来越感兴趣，越来越入神。 过了一会儿，他说:“喂，汤姆，让我来粉刷一下。” 《汤姆·索亚历险记》一经出版就受到了孩子们的欢迎，但成年人也读了。 今天，它仍然受到各个年龄段的人的欢迎。 1876年夏天，马克开始写《汤姆·索亚历险记》的续集。 这一次，汤姆的朋友哈克贝利·费恩是主角。 哈克衣衫褴褛，没受过教育，但他心地善良。 然而，马克本以为又是一个有趣的男孩冒险故事，结果却变得更深刻、更严肃。 马克把哈克放在木筏上，和一个名叫吉姆的逃跑奴隶一起顺密西西比河顺流而下。

RECONSTRUCTION THE PERIOD AFTER THE CIVIL WAR WAS KNOWN AS RECONSTRUCTION. THE NATION FACED THE DIFFICULT TASKS OF REBUILDING (RECONSTRUCTING) THE SOUTH, WHERE MOST OF THE FIGHTING HAD TAKEN PLACE, AND REUNITING THE COUNTRY. NEARLY FOUR MILLION FORMER SLAVES WERE BEGINNING LIVES AS FREE PEOPLE, BUT MANY HAD LITTLE OR NO MONEY AND COULDN'T READ OR WRITE. UNTIL 1877 SOLDIERS FROM THE NORTH WERE STATIONED IN THE SOUTH TO PROTECT BLACKS AND ENSURE THEY WERE ABLE TO VOTE AND HOLD POLITICAL OFFICE. AFTER NORTHERN SOLDIERS LEFT, HOWEVER, SOUTHERN WHITES, STILL FURIOUS AT LOSING THE WAR AND UNABLE TO ACCEPT BLACKS AS EQUALS, FORMED SECRET SOCIETIES LIKE THE KU KLUX KLAN. DISGUISED IN WHITE HOODS AND ROBES, KLAN MEMBERS THREATENED, BEAT, AND SOMETIMES KILLED BLACKS TO KEEP THEM FROM VOTING AND ASSERTING THEIR RIGHTS. WHITES SOON

内战后的时期被称为重建。 这个国家面临着重建南方的艰巨任务，那里是大部分战斗发生的地方，并重新统一国家。 近400万前奴隶开始了自由人的生活，但许多人几乎没有钱，也不会读书写字。 直到1877年，来自北方的士兵驻扎在南方，以保护黑人，并确保他们能够投票和担任政治职务。 然而，在北方士兵离开后，南方白人仍然对战争的失败感到愤怒，无法平等地接受黑人，他们成立了像三k党这样的秘密团体。 三k党成员披着白色头巾和长袍，威胁、殴打，有时甚至杀害黑人，以阻止他们投票和维护自己的权利。 白人很快