6 Chapter 5 Secretary of State and Vice President

Chapter 5 Secretary of State and Vice President A letter from George Washington awaited Jefferson upon his return home in 1789. That spring, Washington had become our first President. He wanted Jefferson to become his Secretary of State. This meant that he would head the Department of State, which oversees the United States' relations with other countries. Jefferson wrote back refusing the job. He was now forty-six years old. He hoped to relax for a year. But Washington didn't give up. He sent a second letter. He couldn't do without him, Washington insisted. Jefferson couldn't say no a second time to the hero of the Revolution. He waited until his daughter Patsy was married in February 1790. The

第5章国务卿和副总统1789年，乔治·华盛顿的一封信等着杰斐逊回家。 那年春天，华盛顿成为了我们的第一任总统。 他希望杰斐逊成为他的国务卿。 这意味着他将领导国务院，负责监督美国与其他国家的关系。 杰斐逊回信拒绝了这份工作。 他现在已经46岁了。 他希望放松一年。 但是华盛顿并没有放弃。 他又寄了第二封信。华盛顿坚持说，他不能没有他。 杰斐逊不可能第二次拒绝这位独立战争的英雄。 他一直等到他的女儿帕齐在1790年2月结婚。 的

next month, he went to New York City—then the nation's capital—to join Washington's cabinet. Jefferson served as Secretary of State for almost four years. Afraid that spies would open his letters, Jefferson invented a device to keep his messages private. Called a "cipher wheel," it enabled him to write in a secret code.

下个月，他前往当时的首都纽约，加入华盛顿的内阁。 杰斐逊担任了将近四年的国务卿。 由于担心间谍会打开他的信件，杰斐逊发明了一种装置，使他的信件保密。 它被称为“密码轮”，使他能够用密码书写。

As Secretary of State, Jefferson helped the nation avoid conflicts with Britain, France, and Spain. But he and Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton had conflicts of their own. The two men disagreed about the country's future. Hamilton wanted the United States to become a nation of big business and big cities. He favored a strong U.S. government that told the states what they could and couldn't do. Jefferson wanted a nation of small farmers and small towns. He favored a government that stayed out of people's lives as much as possible. The Jefferson-Hamilton clash helped spark the creation of political parties. Jefferson became a leader of the Democratic- Republican Party. Hamilton became a leader of the Federalist Party. We still have two main political parties today. However, they are not the same as those led by Jefferson and Hamilton.

作为国务卿，杰斐逊帮助美国避免了与英国、法国和西班牙的冲突。 但他和财政部长亚历山大·汉密尔顿(Alexander Hamilton)也有矛盾。 两人对国家的未来意见不一。 汉密尔顿希望美国成为一个由大企业和大城市组成的国家。 他支持一个强大的美国政府，告诉各州他们能做什么和不能做什么。 杰斐逊希望建立一个由小农和小城镇组成的国家。 他支持一个尽可能远离人民生活的政府。 杰斐逊和汉密尔顿的冲突促成了政党的诞生。 杰斐逊成为民主党和共和党的领袖。 汉密尔顿成为联邦党领袖。 今天我们仍然有两个主要政党。 然而，他们与杰斐逊和汉密尔顿领导的那些不一样。

Political differences weren't the only problem between the two men. Jefferson and Hamilton really disliked each other. They argued in cabinet meetings. They fought in the newspapers. Jefferson finally grew weary of the arguing. He resigned from Washington's cabinet at the end of 1793. Early the next year, he returned to Monticello. Jefferson spent the next three years quietly, at home. He read. He remodeled Monticello, which he continued to do for another fifteen years. He worked at improving his farm. He had his slaves plant trees, flowers, and various crops. Among his many interests was fossil collecting. He was even nicknamed "Mr. Mammoth" because he gathered

政治分歧并不是两人之间唯一的问题。 杰斐逊和汉密尔顿彼此都不喜欢对方。 他们在内阁会议上争论不休。 他们在报纸上打架。 杰斐逊终于厌倦了这种争论。 1793年底，他从华盛顿的内阁辞职。 第二年年初，他回到了蒙蒂塞洛。 在接下来的三年里，杰斐逊安静地待在家里。 他读。他改造了蒙蒂塞洛，并在接下来的15年里继续这样做。 他致力于改善他的农场。 他让他的奴隶种植树木、鲜花和各种作物。 他的兴趣爱好之一是收集化石。 人们甚至给他起了个绰号叫“奥巴马先生”。 猛犸”，因为他聚集在一起

fossils of those elephant-like animals of long ago. Jefferson also liked to invent new gadgets. Over the years his creations included a new kind of plow and an improved type of sundial. Yet, as always seemed to happen, he couldn't stay away from politics for very long.

很久以前那些像大象的动物的化石。 杰斐逊还喜欢发明新玩意儿。 多年来，他的发明包括一种新的犁和一种改进的日晷。 然而，就像经常发生的那样，他无法长期远离政治。

George Washington retired as President after his second four-year term was over. John Adams, Vice President under Washington, hoped to win the nation's highest office in the 1796 election. Adams became the Federalist candidate. The Democratic-Republicans chose Jefferson. Rarely has a candidate done so little as Jefferson did in 1796. He made no speeches. Jefferson even told his son-in-law that he wanted John Adams to win. The election was very close. Adams won with seventy-one electoral votes. According to the law of the time, the person with the second-most votes

乔治·华盛顿在他的第二个四年任期结束后退休。 约翰·亚当斯是华盛顿领导下的副总统，他希望在1796年的选举中赢得美国的最高职位。 亚当斯成为联邦党候选人。 民主党和共和党选择了杰斐逊。 很少有候选人像杰斐逊在1796年做的那样少。 他没有发表任何讲话。杰斐逊甚至告诉他的女婿，他希望约翰·亚当斯获胜。 这次选举势均力敌。 亚当斯赢得了71张选举人票。 根据当时的法律，得票第二多的人当选