8 Temujin Becomes Genghis Khan

Chapter 7 Temujin Becomes Genghis Khan One year later, in 1206, Temujin summoned a meeting near his childhood home along the Onon River. Thousands attended. Lines of gers stretched for miles in every direction. In the shadow of Burkhan Khaldun, the

一年后，也就是1206年，铁木真在他童年的家附近，沿着欧侬河召集了一次会议。 成千上万的出席。一排排的帐篷向四面八方延伸数英里。 在伯克汗·赫勒敦的阴影下

united tribes of the steppe officially proclaimed Temujin their leader. He was given the name Chinggis Khan. In Mongolian, chin means strong or fearless, and chino means wolf. Khan means ruler. Today, he is known more commonly by another name: Genghis Khan. There were days of celebrations. There was feasting and music. Men competed in horse racing, wrestling, and archery. Shamans beat their drums and chanted to the nature spirits and the Eternal Blue Sky.

草原上的联合部落正式宣布铁木真为他们的领袖。 他被称为成吉思汗。 在蒙古语中，chin意为强壮或无所畏惧，chino意为狼。 可汗的意思是统治者。如今，他更广为人知的名字是：成吉思汗。 有好几天的庆祝活动。 有宴会和音乐。 男子比赛赛马、摔跤和射箭。 萨满敲着鼓，向大自然的灵魂和永恒的蓝天吟唱。

WHAT DID GENGHIS KHAN LOOK LIKE? BECAUSE HE WOULDN'T ALLOW ANYONE TO PAINT HIS PORTRAIT, NO ONE KNOWS WHAT GENGHIS KHAN REALLY LOOKED LIKE. ALL PAINTINGS OF GENGHIS KHAN WERE MADE AFTER HIS DEATH. ONE PERSIAN CHRONICLER DESCRIBED HIM AS TALL AND VIGOROUS, WITH SPARKLING CAT'S EYES. A CHINESE SCHOLAR SAID HE HAD A WIDE BROW AND A LONG BEARD. SOME SAY HE HAD RED HAIR AND DARK GREEN OR GRAY EYES. BUT NO ONE IS CERTAIN. Genghis Khan gave his people a new name: the Great Mongol Nation. Their nation was huge. One million people (and up to twenty million animals!) called it home. He imposed a new set of rules—the Great Law of Genghis Khan—to keep peace and maintain order. The different tribes could keep

成吉思汗长什么样？ 因为他不允许任何人给他画像，所以没人知道成吉思汗到底长什么样。 所有成吉思汗的画作都是在他死后完成的。 一位波斯编年史家将他描述为身材高大，精力充沛，有着闪亮的猫眼。 一位中国学者说他有一个宽额头和长胡子。 有人说他有一头红头发，深绿色或灰色的眼睛。 但没有人能确定。成吉思汗给他的人民起了一个新名字：大蒙古民族。 他们的国家很大。100万人（以及多达2000万只动物！）称这里为家。 他实行了一套新的规则——成吉思汗大律——来维持和平和秩序。 不同的部落可以保留

their local customs and laws, as long as they followed the Great Law. Under the Great Law, every man between fifteen and seventy had to fight in the army. Stealing and kidnapping were forbidden. Enslavement of any Mongol was illegal. Stealing livestock was punishable by death. A "lost and found" program was started for animals found on the steppe. An official hunting season was established in the fall and winter, so baby animals could grow in the spring and summer. He also established mail service. The military provided horses and riders to deliver messages from one postal station to the next. The stations were set up about every twenty miles, and they were run by local families. As the Mongol empire grew, the postal service grew

他们的当地习俗和法律，只要他们遵守大法。 根据《大法》，每个15岁到70岁的男人都必须参军。 偷窃和绑架是被禁止的。 奴役蒙古人是非法的。 偷窃牲畜要处死刑。 一项“失物招领”计划为在草原上发现的动物启动。 官方的狩猎季节是在秋天和冬天，这样小动物就可以在春天和夏天生长。 他还建立了邮政服务。 军队提供马匹和骑手把消息从一个邮局送到另一个邮局。 驿站大约每隔20英里就设一个，由当地家庭经营。 随着蒙古帝国的发展，邮政服务也在发展

with it. Finally, under the Great Law, freedom of religion was guaranteed. Everyone in the Great Mongol Nation could worship freely without harm. At this time, no Mongol could read or write. To record his Great Law, Genghis Khan established a written language for his people. In 1207, one year after being named Genghis Khan, the Mongol leader sent Jochi and a tumen of ten thousand soldiers north, to Siberia. There, Jochi made alliances with the forest tribes. He returned home with new recruits for the Mongol army and products such as fur, lumber, and hunting birds. Genghis Khan was happy to receive the men and goods. But the riches he sought were on the other side of the Gobi Desert in the wealthy Jurched Empire of northern China. Fifty million farmers and city dwellers called the Jurched Empire home. Behind their heavily guarded city walls lay treasures in gold, silver, pearls, silk, satin, and metal. With the most powerful and disciplined army

用它。最后，根据《大法》，宗教自由得到了保障。 大蒙古民族的每个人都可以自由崇拜而不受伤害。 在这个时候，没有蒙古人会读书写字。 为了记录他的伟大法律，成吉思汗为他的人民建立了一种书面语言。 1207年，也就是被封为成吉思汗的一年后，这位蒙古领袖派遣约齐和一支由一万名士兵组成的图门北上，前往西伯利亚。 在那里，乔奇与森林部落结盟。 他带着蒙古军队的新兵和毛皮、木材和猎鸟等产品回家。 成吉思汗很高兴地接待了这些人和货物。 但他寻找的财富在戈壁沙漠的另一边，在中国北方富裕的女侠帝国。 五千万农民和城市居民把Jurched帝国称为家。 在他们戒备森严的城墙后面，埋藏着金、银、珍珠、丝绸、缎子和金属制成的珍宝。 拥有最强大，纪律严明的军队

in the world at his back, Genghis Khan set his sights on China.

在他身后的世界，成吉思汗把目光投向了中国。