8 Marshal Douglass

Chapter 8 Marshal Douglass Frederick needn't have worried about what would occupy his time. Invitations poured in for him to speak at lecture halls and colleges. In the late 1860s, lectures provided audiences with a mix of education and entertainment. It was a good job and paid well. But Frederick was not finished in his quest for equal rights. Although blacks "were not slaves, they were not yet quite free." Blacks were not citizens. They could not vote. Frederick felt strongly that this newfound freedom wouldn't mean much until black Americans had a say in government affairs. Frederick spoke out, as always, and supported those in power who shared his views. In 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment made former slaves citizens and granted all citizens the same protection under America's laws. In 1870,

第八章道格拉斯元帅弗雷德里克不必担心他的时间会被什么占用。 邀请他在演讲厅和大学演讲的邀请函纷至沓来。 在19世纪60年代后期，讲座为听众提供了教育和娱乐的结合。 那是一份不错的工作，收入也不错。 但是腓特烈对平等权利的追求还没有结束。 虽然黑人“不是奴隶，但他们还没有完全自由”。 黑人不是公民。他们不能投票。 弗雷德里克强烈认为，除非美国黑人在政府事务中有发言权，否则这种新发现的自由不会有多大意义。 腓特烈一如既往地直言不讳，支持那些与他观点相同的当权者。 1868年，第十四修正案使前奴隶成为公民，并给予所有公民同样的美国法律保护。 在1870年,

the Fifteenth Amendment gave black men the right to vote. The American Anti-Slavery Society disbanded that year. At its last meeting, Frederick said, "I seem to myself to be living in a new world." Still, many did not welcome blacks' progress. In 1872, Frederick and Anna's home in Rochester was burned. Deeply saddened, the couple moved to Washington, DC. There, Frederick was asked to run a black bank, where former slaves could invest their new savings. The bank had not been doing well, and its owners hoped Frederick's name and image would help bring it around. But the bank collapsed only three months later. Frederick was humiliated. In 1877, President Hayes appointed Frederick US marshal of the District of Columbia. RECONSTRUCTION THE PERIOD AFTER THE CIVIL WAR WAS KNOWN AS RECONSTRUCTION. THE ENORMOUS TASK OF REUNITING NORTH AND SOUTH FELL TO PRESIDENT ANDREW JOHNSON, WHO

第十五修正案赋予了黑人选举权。 同年，美国反奴隶制协会解散。 在最后一次会议上，弗雷德里克说：“我似乎生活在一个新的世界里。” 然而，许多人并不欢迎黑人的进步。 1872年，弗雷德里克和安娜在罗切斯特的家被烧毁。 这对夫妇深感悲痛，搬到了华盛顿特区。 在那里，弗雷德里克被要求经营一家黑人银行，以前的奴隶可以在那里投资他们的新储蓄。 这家银行一直经营不善，它的所有者希望弗雷德里克的名字和形象能帮助它好转。 但仅仅三个月后，这家银行就倒闭了。 弗雷德里克被羞辱了。1877年，海斯总统任命弗雷德里克为哥伦比亚特区元帅。 内战后的时期被称为重建。 统一南北的艰巨任务落在了安德鲁·约翰逊总统身上

WAS A SOUTHERNER AND DID NOT SHARE LINCOLN'S VISION. THERE WERE FOUR MILLION FORMER SLAVES WITHOUT FOOD, HOMES, OR MONEY. FEW COULD READ OR WRITE. A GOVERNMENT AGENCY CALLED THE FREEDMEN'S BUREAU HELPED PROVIDE BASIC NEEDS AND ESTABLISHED THOUSANDS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND SEVERAL COLLEGES FOR BLACKS. SOLDIERS FROM THE NORTH WERE STATIONED IN THE SOUTH TO HELP PROTECT BLACKS AND THEIR RIGHTS. BY 1875, SIXTEEN BLACK MEN HAD BEEN ELECTED TO CONGRESS, AND HUNDREDS SERVED IN THEIR STATE LEGISLATURES. HOWEVER, THE PROGRESS WAS SHORT-LIVED. WHEN RECONSTRUCTION ENDED AND US TROOPS LEFT THE SOUTH IN 1877, MOST OF THE GAINS BLACKS HAD MADE DISAPPEARED.

他是南方人，不赞同林肯的观点。 有四百万前奴隶没有食物、住房和金钱。 很少有人会读书写字。一个名为“自由民局”的政府机构帮助提供基本需求，并为黑人建立了数千所公立学校和几所大学。 北方的士兵驻扎在南方，帮助保护黑人和他们的权利。 到1875年，已经有16名黑人当选国会议员，数百名黑人在州立法机构任职。 然而，这一进展是短暂的。 当重建结束，美国军队于1877年离开南方时，黑人取得的大部分成果都消失了。

Frederick's post was an honor and a first for a black man, though he had little power. He and Anna bought a large home overlooking Washington. The house, named Cedar Hill, was an elegant place to welcome friends and family. In 1881, Frederick published his third autobiography, The Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. (Frederick's second autobiography, My Bondage and My Freedom, had been published in 1855.)

弗雷德里克的职位是一种荣誉，也是黑人的第一个职位，尽管他没有什么权力。 他和安娜买了一栋俯瞰华盛顿的大房子。 这座名为雪松山（Cedar Hill）的房子是一个接待朋友和家人的优雅场所。 1881年，弗雷德里克出版了他的第三本自传《弗雷德里克·道格拉斯的生平与时代》。 （弗雷德里克的第二本自传《我的束缚与自由》于1855年出版。）

Around the time Frederick bought Cedar Hill, a friend invited him back to Saint Michaels, Maryland. Thomas Auld, now in his eighties and very sick, learned Frederick was there and asked him to visit.

大约在弗雷德里克买下雪松山的时候，一位朋友邀请他回到马里兰州的圣迈克尔斯。 托马斯·奥尔德已经八十多岁了，病得很重，得知弗雷德里克在那里，便请他去拜访。

Once master and slave, the two now met as equals. Frederick held Thomas's hand as they spoke freely about the past. Frederick asked what his old master thought of his running away. "Frederick, I always knew you were too smart to be a slave," Thomas replied, "and had I been in your place, I should have done as you did." The

曾经的主人和奴隶，现在是平等的。 弗雷德里克握着托马斯的手，畅谈往事。 弗雷德里克问他的老主人对他的出走有什么看法。 “弗雷德里克，我一直知道你很聪明，不适合做奴隶，”托马斯回答说，“如果我处在你的位置，我也会像你那样做的。” 的