6 The North Star

Chapter 6 The North Star The idea of being captured haunted Frederick. By law, he still belonged to the Aulds. After making sure that the money from his book sales would go directly to Anna, Frederick left the household in her capable hands and fled to England. There, and in Ireland and Scotland, he gave speeches in nearly all the large cities and towns, asking for help ending American slavery. Already famous in America, Frederick became well-known in Europe as well. Frederick was amazed to find that in England, blacks were treated the same as whites. Whether on a train or in a restaurant, hotel, or church, he was welcome without concern for his color. No one insulted him or threw him out, as they often did in America. He felt refreshed and, for the first time, truly free. It was tempting to move his family overseas, but Frederick felt he must go

home. How else could he help the millions still enslaved? Then a group of his English friends did something remarkable. They raised money to buy Frederick's freedom from the Aulds. And the Aulds agreed. In exchange for 150 British pounds, or about $700, Hugh Auld signed papers freeing Frederick forever. Freedom! Now Frederick could devote himself fully to his life's work of ending slavery. After twenty-one months abroad, Frederick returned to America with plans of starting his own

antislavery newspaper. He moved his family to Rochester, New York, where there was a strong abolitionist community. Frederick published the first issue of his paper, The North Star, in 1847. The paper, named after the star that guided runaway slaves to freedom, published accounts of escaped slaves and

news about successful free blacks. It printed stories and poems by black writers. It spoke out against the poor treatment of blacks in the North. The North Star made Frederick a true leader of his people. In 1851, he would rename the publication Frederick Douglass' Paper. In his newspaper and in his talks, Frederick also spoke up for women's rights. Women could not vote. In most states they could not own property. The few jobs open to them did not pay well. Women were expected to marry, keep house, and raise children while their husbands handled outside affairs. In 1848, America's first Woman's Rights Convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York. Frederick attended the event and supported it in The North Star.

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A MIGHTY TEAM: SUSAN B. ANTHONY AND ELIZABETH CADY STANTON SUSAN B. ANTHONY AND ELIZABETH CADY STANTON WERE COURAGEOUS, DETERMINED REFORMERS WHO WORKED FOR EQUAL RIGHTS FOR WOMEN. THEY WERE ALSO ACTIVE IN THE ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT. ANTHONY AND STANTON MET AND BEGAN WORKING TOGETHER IN 1851. IN 1869, THEY FORMED THE NATIONAL WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION TO FOCUS ON WOMEN'S RIGHT TO VOTE. STANTON DRAFTED A VOTING-RIGHTS AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION THAT WAS FIRST INTRODUCED IN 1878. UNFORTUNATELY, THE AMENDMENT WAS NOT ADOPTED UNTIL 1920, BY WHICH TIME BOTH WOMEN HAD DIED.