7 War

Chapter 6 War Alfred Hitchcock was always a large man. He had once weighed as much as 365 pounds. But in the early 1940s, he went on an extreme diet. He lost over 150 pounds.

阿尔弗雷德·希区柯克一直是个高大的人。 他曾经重达365磅。 但在20世纪40年代初，他开始了一场极端的节食。 他瘦了150多磅。

Even so, he wasn't in the best of health. He had heart damage and a hernia—a rupture in his stomach. Although he knew he should, Hitch refused to have the necessary surgery to treat it. After filming Lifeboat in 1944, Hitch and Alma traveled to England, where Hitch made two short films about the war for the British government. The government hoped the movies would give courage and support to the brave French people who were fighting to free their country from the Nazis. For Hitch, the return to England was bittersweet. Not only was his family gone, but his home city of London had been devastated by bombs.

即便如此，他的健康状况也不是很好。 他有心脏损伤和疝气，也就是胃破裂。 虽然希契知道自己应该这样做，但他拒绝接受必要的手术治疗。 1944年拍摄完《救生艇》后，希契和阿尔玛前往英国，在那里希契为英国政府拍摄了两部关于战争的短片。 政府希望这些电影能给勇敢的法国人民以勇气和支持，他们正在为从纳粹手中解放自己的国家而战。 对希契来说，回到英国是苦乐参半。 不仅他的家人不在了，他的家乡伦敦也被炸弹摧毁了。

THE BLITZ BLITZ IS THE GERMAN WORD FOR LIGHTNING. "THE BLITZ" REFERS TO GERMANY'S PLAN TO BOMB THE UNITED KINGDOM INTO SUBMISSION DURING WORLD WAR II. STARTING ON SEPTEMBER 7, 1940, SIXTEEN BRITISH CITIES WERE BOMBED FOR FIFTY-SEVEN CONSECUTIVE NIGHTS. MORE THAN ONE MILLION HOMES IN LONDON WERE DAMAGED OR DESTROYED, AND OVER FORTY THOUSAND PEOPLE WERE KILLED. MANY LONDONERS FLED THE CITY. SOME SENT THEIR CHILDREN AWAY FROM THE DANGER TO THE BRITISH COUNTRYSIDE OR EVEN TO OTHER COUNTRIES.

闪电战在德语中是闪电的意思。 “闪电战”指的是二战期间德国轰炸英国的计划。 从1940年9月7日开始，16座英国城市连续57晚遭到轰炸。 伦敦有100多万所房屋受损或被毁，4万多人丧生。 许多伦敦人逃离了这座城市。 有些人把孩子送到英国乡下，甚至送到其他国家，以躲避危险。

When they returned to the United States,

当他们回到美国时，

Alma applied for American citizenship for herself and Pat. Hitchcock chose to remain a British citizen. Hitch's contract with his producer, David O. Selznick, ended in 1947, and Hitch decided to produce his next film himself. His first color film, Rope, was shot entirely in long, ten-minute scenes. Most movies are made up of short shots of five to fifteen seconds each. Hitchcock produced two movies on his own, and neither were hits. Although his movies were known all over the world, his reputation as a master was slipping. But then, in April 1950, he read a novel by Patricia Highsmith: Strangers on a Train.

阿尔玛为自己和帕特申请了美国国籍。 希区柯克选择保持英国公民身份。 希契和他的制片人大卫·欧。 《塞尔兹尼克》于1947年结束，希契决定自己制作下一部电影。 他的第一部彩色电影《绳索》完全是用十分钟的长镜头拍摄的。 大多数电影都是由5到15秒的短镜头组成。 希区柯克自己制作了两部电影，但都不是热门电影。 虽然他的电影在全世界都很有名，但他作为大师的名声却在下滑。 1950年4月，他读了帕特里夏·海史密斯的小说《火车上的陌生人》。

FROM BLACK AND WHITE TO COLOR OUT OF THE TEN MOVIES NOMINATED FOR BEST PICTURE OF THE YEAR IN 1939, ONLY THE WINNER, GONE WITH THE WIND, WAS FILMED ENTIRELY IN COLOR. THE OTHER NINE WERE ALL SHOT IN BLACK AND WHITE, EXCEPT FOR THE WIZARD OF OZ, WHICH WAS FILMED PARTLY IN BLACK AND WHITE AND PARTLY IN COLOR. ALTHOUGH THE FIRST TECHNICOLOR FEATURE FILM WAS RELEASED IN 1935, THE FILM WAS EXPENSIVE AND CUMBERSOME TO WORK WITH. IT WASN'T UNTIL TECHNICOLOR DEVELOPED ITS SUPERIOR COLOR PRINTS IN 1955 THAT DIRECTORS BEGAN TO PREFER THE NEW COLOR FILM. ALTHOUGH HITCHCOCK USED COLOR FILM FOR ROPE IN 1948, HE STILL SHOT FILMS IN BLACK AND WHITE AS LATE AS 1960.

从黑白到彩色，在1939年提名最佳影片的十部电影中，只有获奖影片《乱世佳人》完全是彩色拍摄的。 其他九部电影都是黑白拍摄的，除了《绿野仙踪》部分是黑白拍摄，部分是彩色拍摄。 虽然第一部彩色电影在1935年发行，但这部电影既昂贵又笨重。 直到1955年technicolor公司开发出了卓越的彩色胶片，导演们才开始喜欢上这种新的彩色胶片。 虽然希区柯克在1948年开始使用彩色胶片，但直到1960年，他仍然用黑白胶片拍摄电影。