2 Chapter 1 Home in Alabama

Chapter 1 Home in Alabama Henry and Emma Owens were both the children of slaves who had lived in Alabama. By the time Henry and Emma married in 1896, slavery had ended, and African Americans were free throughout the United States. But life had not changed much for many black people.

亨利·欧文斯和艾玛·欧文斯都是住在阿拉巴马州的奴隶的孩子。 到1896年亨利和艾玛结婚时，奴隶制已经结束，非裔美国人在美国各地都获得了自由。 但对许多黑人来说，生活并没有太大改变。

After Henry and Emma married, they lived and worked on a large farm in rural Oakville, Alabama.

亨利和艾玛结婚后，他们在阿拉巴马州奥克维尔乡下的一个大农场生活和工作。

They did not own the farm. They were sharecroppers. That meant that they rented a small part of a larger farm from the owner. When the crops—mainly corn and cotton—were harvested, they received a share of the money from their sale. However, the farm's owner kept money for the Owenses' rent and for some of their food. After all that, the Owens family had very little money left.

他们不是农场的主人。 他们是佃农。这意味着他们从农场主那里租了一个大农场的一小部分。 当作物——主要是玉米和棉花——收获时，他们会从出售中获得一部分钱。 然而，农场的主人为欧文斯夫妇的房租和一些食物留了钱。 在经历了这一切之后，欧文斯一家所剩无几。

Life was very difficult. Throughout the South, laws prevented black people from being treated equally and having all the opportunities that white people did. These laws were called "Jim Crow" laws. Henry and Emma had twelve children, three of whom died at birth. Three daughters—Ida, Josephine, and Lillie—survived. They were followed by six sons—Prentice, Johnson, Henry, Ernest, Quincy, and Sylvester.

生活非常艰难。在整个南方，法律禁止黑人受到平等对待，也禁止黑人享有与白人一样的机会。 这些法律被称为“吉姆·克劳法”。 亨利和艾玛一共有12个孩子，其中3个在出生时夭折。 三个女儿——艾达、约瑟芬和莉莉——活了下来。 他们之后又生了六个儿子——普伦蒂斯、约翰逊、亨利、欧内斯特、昆西和西尔维斯特。

JIM CROW LAWS AFTER THE SOUTHERN STATES LOST THE CIVIL WAR IN 1865, WHITE PEOPLE CONTINUED TO DISCRIMINATE AGAINST BLACKS, WHO WERE NOW FREE. SOUTHERN STATES PASSED LAWS THAT KEPT BLACK PEOPLE APART FROM WHITES. THERE WERE HUNDREDS OF THESE LAWS. TOGETHER, THEY WERE KNOWN AS JIM CROW LAWS, NAMED AFTER A CHARACTER IN A STAGE SHOW. BLACK AND WHITE CHILDREN COULD NOT GO TO SCHOOL TOGETHER. BLACK PEOPLE COULD NOT EAT AT WHITE-OWNED HOTELS OR RESTAURANTS, OR EVEN USE PUBLIC SWIMMING POOLS. BUSES AND RAILROADS HAD SEPARATE SEATING AREAS FOR

1865年南方各州在内战中失败后，白人继续歧视黑人，而黑人现在已经自由了。 南方各州通过了将黑人与白人隔离开来的法律。 这样的法律有好几百条。 这些法律一起被称为吉姆·克劳法，以舞台剧中的一个角色命名。 黑人和白人孩子不能一起上学。 黑人不能在白人开的旅馆或餐馆吃饭，甚至不能使用公共游泳池。 公共汽车和铁路有单独的座位区

BLACKS AND WHITES. THERE WERE EVEN SEPARATE DRINKING FOUNTAINS FOR BLACKS AND WHITES. SOME EIGHTY YEARS LATER, IN THE 1960S, THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT PUT AN END TO THESE LAWS.

黑人和白人。甚至还有黑人和白人的独立饮水机。 大约80年后，在20世纪60年代，民权运动结束了这些法律。