9 Chapter 8 End of the Monarchy

Chapter 8 End of the Monarchy Life in the prison tower was very different from what the royal family had always known. The tower had a bedroom on the second floor for the king and his son, and bedrooms and a bathroom on the third floor for Marie Antoinette, Madame Royale, and Madame Elisabeth. They all ate breakfast together. Louis and Marie Antoinette taught their children lessons. They got fresh air on

监狱里的生活与王室所熟知的生活大不相同。 塔的第二层是国王和他的儿子的卧室，第三层是玛丽·安托瓦内特、皇家夫人和伊丽莎白夫人的卧室和浴室。 他们一起吃早餐。 路易和玛丽·安托瓦内特给他们的孩子上课。 他们呼吸新鲜空气

the lawn and read or sewed at night. Even though they were prisoners, servants still treated them as royals. Meanwhile, a newly formed National Convention declared France a republic. Leaders were to be elected by the people. There was no place for a king and queen in this type of government. The king was stripped of all power. The king was put on trial for treason, or working against the interests of his country. The

晚上在草坪上看书或缝纫。 即使他们是囚犯，仆人们仍然把他们当作王室成员对待。 与此同时，新成立的国民公会宣布法国为共和国。 领导人由人民选举产生。 在这种类型的政府中没有国王和王后的位置。 国王被剥夺了一切权力。 国王因叛国罪或违背国家利益而受审。 的

court sentenced him to death by guillotine (GEE-yoh-teen). On the evening of January 20, 1793, the king said good-bye to his family. He promised he would see them in the morning one last time, but he never did. Marie Antoinette heard drumrolls and the cheers of the French people from the tower window. She knew Louis had been killed.

法庭判处他上断头台死刑。 1793年1月20日晚上，国王告别了他的家人。 他答应明天早上见他们最后一面，但他从未见过。 玛丽·安托瓦内特从塔楼的窗口听到了鼓声和法国人民的欢呼声。 她知道路易斯已经被杀了。

THE GUILLOTINE THE GUILLOTINE WAS A WOODEN STRUCTURE, WITH TWO HIGH POSTS THAT HELD A SHARP BLADE BETWEEN THEM. NAMED FOR JOSEPH IGNACE GUILLOTIN, A FRENCH ANATOMY PROFESSOR, THE DEVICE WAS FIRST USED IN 1792. THE SHARP AND SLANTED BLADE SLICED OFF A PRISONER'S HEAD WITH ONE CLEAN CUT. THIS WAS CONSIDERED TO BE A LESS PAINFUL WAY TO DIE THAN OTHER METHODS OF EXECUTION. THE GUILLOTINE WAS STILL USED IN FRANCE UNTIL THE 1980S!

断头台——断头台是木制的，两根高高的柱子中间夹着一把锋利的刀片。 该装置以法国解剖学教授约瑟夫·伊格纳斯·吉约坦的名字命名，于1792年首次使用。 锋利而倾斜的刀刃一刀切下囚犯的头。 这被认为是一种比其他处决方式更不痛苦的死亡方式。 直到20世纪80年代，法国还在使用断头台!

That July, officials took Marie Antoinette's son away from her. They locked Louis Charles alone in the second-floor bedroom, where a cruel new tutor was in charge of him. In August, officials removed Marie Antoinette from the tower and took her to a new prison. Two soldiers sat with her in her small cell on constant watch. Marie Antoinette was brought to trial in October 1793, four years after leaving her home in Versailles. She had changed a lot since she had been crowned queen eighteen years earlier. Her patched dress, frail body, and white hair made her look much older than her thirty-seven years.

那年七月，官员们把玛丽·安托瓦内特的儿子从她身边带走。 他们把路易·查尔斯一个人锁在二楼的卧室里，由一个新来的残忍的家庭教师看管。 8月，官员们将玛丽·安托瓦内特从塔上移走，并将她带到一个新的监狱。 两名士兵坐在她的小牢房里，时刻看守着她。 1793年10月，玛丽·安托瓦内特在离开凡尔赛的家四年后被送上法庭。 自从十八年前加冕为女王以来，她变了很多。 她那打补丁的衣服、虚弱的身体和白发使她看起来比实际的37岁要老得多。

She was accused of many crimes. Witnesses claimed that she had been plotting against France from the moment she arrived from Austria. They accused her of spying. They accused her of sending gold to her brother, the emperor of Austria. They blamed her for the king's poor decisions and mocked her extravagant lifestyle. No one had any proof of these crimes. But everyone was looking for someone to blame for all of the problems of France. Killing the king had not been enough. Marie Antoinette was sentenced to death as well. Like Louis, her head would be cut off in public by guillotine.

她被指控犯有许多罪行。 目击者声称她从奥地利来的那一刻起就一直在密谋反对法国。 他们指控她从事间谍活动。 他们指责她给她的兄弟奥地利皇帝送金子。 他们把国王的错误决定归咎于她，嘲笑她奢侈的生活方式。 没有人有这些罪行的证据。 但每个人都在为法国的所有问题寻找替罪羊。 杀死国王还不够。 玛丽·安托瓦内特也被判处死刑。 像路易一样，她的头将在众目睽睽之下被送上断头台。