9 Chapter 5 A Peaceful Fight

Chapter 5 A Peaceful Fight Integrating the buses in Montgomery had worked. But Martin Luther King, Jr., knew that this was just the beginning. Martin and other black leaders met in Atlanta, Georgia. They formed a civil rights group called the Southern Christian Leadership Conference—the SCLC. On February 14, 1957, Martin became the head of the group. In the South, civil rights leaders faced growing violence. One man's home was bombed. So were several churches. Then a service station and a cab stand were bombed. Martin urged everyone to remain calm. "We must not return violence under any condition," he said. He knew that his advice was hard to follow.

第五章和平的斗争蒙哥马利市的公共汽车融合起了作用。 但马丁·路德·金知道这仅仅是个开始。 马丁和其他黑人领袖在乔治亚州的亚特兰大会面。 他们成立了一个民权组织，叫做南方基督教领袖会议，简称SCLC。 1957年2月14日，马丁成为该组织的负责人。 在南方，民权领袖面临着越来越多的暴力。 一名男子的家被炸毁。 几座教堂也是如此。然后一个加油站和一个出租车站被炸了。 马丁敦促大家保持冷静。 他说:“在任何情况下，我们都不能以暴力回击。” 他知道他的建议很难被采纳。

Martin's speeches made him famous in Montgomery. Wherever he went, thousands of people showed up to hear him. People even ran up to him on the street to ask for his autograph. On May 17, 1957, Martin spoke at a gathering called the Prayer Pilgrimage in Washington, D.C. The march took place on the third anniversary of the passage of Brown v. The Board of Education. On the day of the march, thousands of black and white people gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial. The speakers asked the government to pass a Civil Rights Bill. This bill would guarantee all people in the United States equal rights under the law.

马丁的演讲使他在蒙哥马利出名。 无论他走到哪里，都有成千上万的人来听他讲话。 人们甚至在街上跑到他面前要他的签名。 1957年5月17日，马丁在华盛顿特区一个名为“祈祷朝圣”的集会上发表讲话 这次游行是在布朗案通过三周年之际举行的。 教育委员会。游行当天，成千上万的黑人和白人聚集在林肯纪念堂前。 发言人要求政府通过一项民权法案。 这项法案将保证所有美国人在法律面前享有平等的权利。

An important part of the Civil Rights Bill would be to make sure every adult citizen was allowed to vote. At the Prayer Pilgrimage, Martin said that was the most urgent request to President Dwight Eisenhower. While Martin was marching and speaking, Coretta was busy running the King household. On October 23, their second child, Martin Luther King III, was born. Martin said of Coretta, "I am

民权法案的一个重要部分将是确保每个成年公民都被允许投票。 在祈祷朝圣中，马丁说这是对德怀特·艾森豪威尔总统最迫切的要求。 马丁一边行军一边讲话的时候，科雷塔正忙着打理金的家事。 10月23日，他们的第二个孩子马丁·路德·金三世出生了。 马丁谈到科蕾塔时说:“我是

indebted to my wife, Coretta, without whose love, sacrifices, and loyalty neither life nor work would bring fulfillment." By this time, Coretta wanted to become much more involved in the movement. Martin, however, preferred that she stay at home raising their children. THE FIFTEENTH AMENDMENT

感谢我的妻子科蕾塔，没有她的爱、牺牲和忠诚，生活和工作都不会有成就感。” 此时，科雷塔想要更多地参与到这场运动中来。 然而，马丁更希望她留在家里抚养孩子。 第十五修正案

In 1870, THE FIFTEENTH AMENDMENT OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION GAVE MALE U.S. CITIZENS WHO WERE TWENTY-ONE OR OLDER THE RIGHT TO VOTE. (WOMEN—BOTH WHITE AND BLACK--DID NOT GET THE RIGHT TO VOTE UNTIL 1920.) BUT ALL OVER THE SOUTH, BLACK PEOPLE WERE STILL KEPT FROM VOTING. THEY WERE TOLD THAT THEY HAD TO PAY A "POLL TAX" BEFORE THEY COULD VOTE. MANY WERE TOO POOR TO PAY. SOME BLACKS HAD TO TAKE TESTS TO PROVE THAT THEY COULD READ AND WRITE. IF THEY COULDN'T, THEY WERE TURNED AWAY. THEY COULD NOT VOTE FOR PRESIDENT. THEY COULD NOT VOTE FOR CONGRESS. THEY COULD NOT VOTE FOR LOCAL LEADERS. NOT ONLY WAS THIS UNFAIR, IT WAS AGAINST THE LAW.

1870年，美国宪法第十五修正案赋予男性美国公民权利 年满21岁的公民有选举权。 (女性——无论是白人还是黑人——直到1920年才获得投票权。)但在整个南方，黑人仍然没有投票权。 他们被告知，在投票之前必须缴纳“人头税”。 许多人太穷了，付不起钱。 一些黑人不得不通过考试来证明他们能读会写。 如果不能，他们就会被拒之门外。 他们不能投票选举总统。 他们不能投票给国会。 他们不能投票给地方领导人。 这不仅不公平，而且是违法的。

In 1959, Martin did agree to take Coretta along on a trip to India. Martin wanted to see the land where his hero Gandhi had lived. As he traveled through the country he saw that India was divided between the very poor and the very rich. Many people did not have jobs. Many slept out on the streets. Rich people, on the other hand, had beautiful homes and fancy clothes. Yet

1959年，马丁同意带科蕾塔一起去印度旅行。 马丁想看看他心目中的英雄甘地曾经生活过的土地。 当他在这个国家旅行时，他看到印度被分成了非常贫穷和非常富有的两部分。 许多人没有工作。 许多人露宿街头。 另一方面，富人有漂亮的房子和华丽的衣服。 然而,