13 Chapter 9 The Peace Prize

Chapter 9 The Peace Prize Martin showed people all over the world the power of words, not fists. In 1964, Martin was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. This award is given almost every year to the person or group who has done something important in the cause of world peace.

马丁向全世界人民展示了语言的力量，而不是拳头的力量。 1964年，马丁被授予诺贝尔和平奖。 这个奖项几乎每年都会颁发给在世界和平事业中做出重要贡献的个人或团体。

Martin was very grateful for this award. But he knew it wasn't his alone—it belonged to the thousands of brave people who had taken part in the nonviolent fight for equal rights. Martin gave away all the prize money—fifty-four thousand dollars—to civil rights groups. NOBEL PEACE PRIZE

马丁对这个奖项非常感激。 但他知道，这并不仅仅是他一个人的胜利——这属于成千上万勇敢的人们，他们参加了非暴力的争取平等权利的斗争。 马丁把所有的奖金——五万四千美元——都捐给了民权组织。 诺贝尔和平奖

ALFRED B. NOBEL WAS A SWEDISH CHEMIST AND ENGINEER WHO INVENTED DYNAMITE. WHEN NOBEL DIED In 1896, HE LEFT NINE MILLION DOLLARS In HIS WILL TO ESTABLISH THE NOBEL PRIZE. THE PRIZES ARE AWARDED ALMOST EVERY YEAR In SIX CATEGORIES: PEACE, LITERATURE, PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE, AND ECONOMICS. MANY DIFFERENT PEOPLE--FROM TEACHERS TO JUDGES TO POLITICIANS—CAN BE

阿尔弗雷德·b·诺贝尔是瑞典化学家和工程师，他发明了炸药。 1896年诺贝尔去世时，他在遗嘱中留下了900万美元来设立诺贝尔奖。 诺贝尔奖几乎每年颁发6个奖项:和平奖、文学奖、物理学、化学、生理学或医学奖和经济学奖。 许多不同的人——从教师到法官再到政治家——都可以

NOMINATED FOR An AWARD. In SOME YEARS, AS MANY AS TWO HUNDRED NOMINATIONS ARE RECEIVED. THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE HAS BEEN AWARDED TO NINETY-FOUR PEOPLE AND NINETEEN ORGANIZATIONS SINCE 1901. SOME PAST WINNERS INCLUDE: PRESIDENT JIMMY CARTER--2002 NELSON MANDELA—1993 ELIE WIESEL--1986

被提名获奖。有些年份，收到的提名多达200份。 自1901年以来，诺贝尔和平奖已经授予了94个人和19个组织。 一些过去的获奖者包括:吉米·卡特总统——2002年——纳尔逊·曼德拉- 1993年——埃利·威塞尔——1986年

MOTHER TERESA—1979 Martin Luther King, Jr., had won the Nobel Peace Prize, but he knew he had not reached his goal: equality for all people. He thought about the defeat in Albany and the success in Birmingham. Surely there were other cities where Martin could help end segregation. Martin's eyes turned toward Selma, Alabama. Although half of Selma's residents were black, only 1 percent was registered to vote. The voting office was only open a few days a month, which made it difficult for people to register. In addition, the literacy test was so hard, Martin said that even the chief justice of the Supreme Court might not know some answers. For weeks Martin led groups to the courthouse to register to vote. But it was not legal to hold marches in Selma. So the groups were arrested. Thousands of black people were sent to jail just because they wanted the right to vote.

特雷莎修女——1979年，马丁·路德·金获得了诺贝尔和平奖，但他知道他还没有实现他的目标:人人平等。 他想着在奥尔巴尼的失败和在伯明翰的成功。 当然，马丁可以在其他城市帮助结束种族隔离。 马丁的目光转向阿拉巴马州的塞尔玛。 虽然塞尔玛一半的居民是黑人，但只有1%的人登记投票。 投票办公室每个月只开放几天，这使得人们很难登记。 此外，识字测试太难了，马丁说，即使是最高法院的首席大法官也可能不知道一些答案。 几个星期以来，马丁带领人们到法院登记投票。 但在塞尔玛举行游行是不合法的。 所以这些组织被逮捕了。 成千上万的黑人被送进监狱，只是因为他们要求投票权。

On February 1, 1965, Martin Luther King, Jr., was arrested during one of the marches. While Martin was in jail, a group called the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee invited a man named Malcolm X to Selma to speak. Malcolm X was a young black leader who disagreed with Martin's peaceful protests. Malcolm X did not believe in fighting with words alone. He thought it was okay to use your fists, and more. Malcolm X also spoke about "black pride"—how blacks should respect themselves, and be proud of their race.

1965年2月1日，马丁·路德·金在一次游行中被捕。 马丁入狱期间，一个名为“学生非暴力协调委员会”的组织邀请马尔科姆·艾克斯到塞尔玛演讲。 马尔科姆·艾克斯是一位年轻的黑人领袖，他不同意马丁的和平抗议。 马尔科姆·艾克斯不相信光靠言语斗争。 他觉得可以用拳头，甚至更多。 马尔科姆·艾克斯还谈到了“黑人的骄傲”——黑人应该尊重自己，为自己的种族感到骄傲。