4 The Defiance Campaign

Chapter 4 The Defiance Campaign In 1950, Nelson was elected president of the Youth League. In 1952 the ANC sent a letter to the prime minister saying that since all the ANC complaints had fallen on deaf ears, they were going to take action. Unless the government repealed—or struck down— the laws of apartheid by February 29, there would be a campaign of defiance. In other words, black people would refuse to obey the apartheid laws.

1950年，纳尔逊当选为青年联盟主席。 1952年，ANC给总理写了一封信，说由于ANC的所有抱怨都被置若罔闻，他们将采取行动。 除非政府在2月29日之前废除或废除种族隔离法律，否则将会有一场反抗运动。 换句话说，黑人会拒绝遵守种族隔离法律。

This time the ANC's complaints were not ignored. They were rejected. The government warned that anyone breaking the law would be severely punished.

这次非国大的抱怨没有被忽视。 他们被拒绝了。政府警告说，任何违法的人都将受到严惩。

They might be arrested or forced to pay a big fine. Some people were beaten. Nelson led the protest anyway, raising funds and rounding up volunteers to break the laws of apartheid peacefully. For example, some were to sit on whites-only benches or stand in whites-only lines. Nelson traveled all around the province speaking to workers and villagers, encouraging them to fight for their rights. They came to respect the man they called Mandela. The Defiance Campaign, as this protest was called, would be peaceful. No matter what the government did to them, the protesters would not react with violence. They might be hurt, Mandela warned, but they must control their anger and fear. If they attacked, the government would easily crush them.

他们可能会被逮捕或被迫支付巨额罚款。 有些人被打了。无论如何，纳尔逊领导了抗议活动，筹集资金，召集志愿者以和平方式打破种族隔离法律。 例如，一些人被要求坐在白人专用的长凳上，或者站在白人专用的队伍里。 纳尔逊走遍了全省，与工人和村民交谈，鼓励他们为自己的权利而战。 他们开始尊敬这个被他们称为曼德拉的人。 这次抗议活动被称为“反抗运动”，它将是和平的。 无论政府对他们做了什么，抗议者都不会用暴力来回应。 曼德拉警告说，他们可能会受到伤害，但他们必须控制自己的愤怒和恐惧。 如果他们进攻，政府很容易就会把他们打垮。

It was illegal to encourage anyone to break apartheid laws. However, Nelson and other ANC members recruited over 8,500 volunteers. Many wore armbands in green, gold, and black, the colors of the ANC: green for the land, gold for its riches, and black for the people. PASSIVE RESISTANCE

鼓励任何人违反种族隔离法律是违法的。 然而，纳尔逊和其他非国大成员招募了8500多名志愿者。 许多人戴着绿色、金色和黑色的臂章，这是非洲人国民大会的颜色：绿色代表土地，金色代表财富，黑色代表人民。 消极抵抗

"PASSIVE RESISTANCE" IS WHEN PEOPLE PEACEFULLY BREAK UNFAIR LAWS. THE AIM OF PASSIVE RESISTANCE IS TO END INJUSTICE BY REFUSING TO OBEY UNJUST LAWS. IT WAS EFFECTIVELY USED BY INDIAN LEADER MAHATMA GANDHI IN HIS STRUGGLE FOR INDIAN INDEPENDENCE FROM THE BRITISH IN THE 1920S, 1930S, AND 1940S. IT WAS ALSO USED IN THE

“被动抵抗”是指人们和平地违反不公平的法律。 消极抵抗的目的是通过拒绝服从不公正的法律来结束不公正。 在20世纪20年代、30年代和40年代，印度领导人圣雄甘地（Mahatma Gandhi）在争取印度从英国独立的斗争中有效地使用了这一方法。 它也被用在

1950S AND 1960S BY CIVIL RIGHTS LEADERS IN THE US LIKE DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. TO WIN EQUALITY FOR BLACKS. FOR EXAMPLE, CIVIL RIGHTS ACTIVISTS WOULD SIT AT LUNCH COUNTERS THAT WERE FOR WHITES ONLY. THEY'D SIT EVEN THOUGH NO ONE WOULD SERVE THEM. THEY'D SIT UNTIL POLICE CAME AND DRAGGED THEM AWAY, SOMETIMES TO JAIL. PEACEFUL RESISTANCE CAN BE A VERY POWERFUL WAY TO CHANGE UNJUST LAWS. THE SIGHT OF PEOPLE BEING ARRESTED AND ATTACKED JUST BECAUSE THEY WANT EQUALITY CAN TURN PUBLIC OPINION IN THEIR FAVOR. Other countries took notice and admired the courage of the protesters. But the South African

是由美国的民权领袖，比如。 马丁·路德·金为黑人争取平等。 例如，民权活动人士会坐在仅供白人使用的午餐柜台前。 即使没有人为他们服务，他们也会坐下来。 他们会一直坐着，直到警察来把他们拖走，有时还会被送进监狱。 和平抵抗是改变不公正法律的一种非常有力的方式。 人们仅仅因为要求平等而被逮捕和攻击的景象，可以使公众舆论转向对他们有利的一面。 其他国家注意到了这一点，并钦佩抗议者的勇气。 但是南非人