1 Troublemaker

Chapter 1 Troublemaker The boy's name had been Rolihlahla (Roh-lee-LAH-lah). In his native language, the word meant tree shaker. But it also meant troublemaker. The boy's father was chief of the people called the Thembu tribe. Like many chiefs, he had more than one wife, and he also had thirteen children. The boy's mother, Nosekeni Fanny, was her husband's third wife. Rolihlahla was the first of his mother's four children. He was born on July 18, 1918.

这个男孩的名字叫罗利拉拉（罗利拉拉）。 在他的母语中，这个词的意思是摇树器。 但它也意味着麻烦制造者。 男孩的父亲是腾布部落的首领。 像许多酋长一样，他有不止一个妻子，他还有13个孩子。 男孩的母亲Nosekeni Fanny是她丈夫的第三任妻子。 罗利赫拉赫拉是他母亲四个孩子中的老大。 他出生于1918年7月18日。

At the time, South Africa was ruled by the British. The white government strictly controlled what black South Africans did and where they went. Black people had to stay in their own neighborhoods and villages, which were called homelands. If a black person left his homeland for any reason, he had to carry a special pass that gave him permission to travel, even if he was only going to a white neighborhood to work for the day. A black person without a good reason for being in a white neighborhood would be arrested.

当时，南非由英国统治。 白人政府严格控制南非黑人的行为和去向。 黑人必须住在他们自己的社区和村庄里，这些地方被称为“家园”。 如果一个黑人出于任何原因离开他的祖国，他必须携带一张特别通行证，允许他旅行，即使他只是去白人社区工作一天。 一个黑人如果没有正当理由出现在白人社区就会被逮捕。

When Rolihlahla's father ignored a summons from the British government to appear in court, he was stripped of his title and most of his land and cattle. The boy and his mother went to live in the village where she'd been born. The boy went to a school run by Christian missionaries from Europe. For his first day of school his father had given him a pair of his own trousers cut off at the knee to replace the blanket dyed in red clay he wore at home. When the boy got to school his teacher gave him something else: a Western name. From that day on, Rolihlahla would be called Nelson. Nelson Mandela.

当罗利赫拉赫拉的父亲无视英国政府要求出庭的传票时，他被剥夺了爵位、大部分土地和牲畜。 男孩和他的母亲去了她出生的村庄生活。 这个男孩上了一所由来自欧洲的基督教传教士开办的学校。 上学的第一天，父亲给了他一条自己剪掉膝盖的裤子，代替他在家里穿的染红粘土的毯子。 当男孩到了学校，他的老师给了他别的东西：一个西方名字。 从那天起，罗利赫拉赫拉就被称为纳尔逊。 纳尔逊·曼德拉。

Nelson shared three small huts with his mother and younger sisters. He brought sheep and calves to and from the pasture. His favorite game was stick fighting—a traditional South African sport that is a bit like sword fighting. Players hold two sticks, one in each hand. They try to strike while blocking at the same time. Nelson was a champion in his village. It was always a special time when his father visited the family. However, during one of his visits home, Nelson's father became sick and died. Not only was his father gone, but Nelson would no longer live in the village with his sisters and mother. He was going to

纳尔逊与他的母亲和妹妹们共住三间小屋。 他带着羊和小牛往返牧场。 他最喜欢的游戏是棍棒格斗——一种有点像剑斗的南非传统运动。 玩家手持两根棒子，每只手一根。 他们试图在进攻的同时进行阻挡。 纳尔逊是村里的冠军。 每当他父亲拜访他们家时，这总是一个特殊的时刻。 然而，在一次回家的途中，纳尔逊的父亲生病去世了。 不仅他的父亲走了，尼尔森也不再和他的姐妹和母亲住在村子里。 他打算

have a new foster father: Jongintaba. Nelson and his mother walked west from the village carrying all of Nelson's belongings. They walked all day on rocky roads. When they arrived, Nelson couldn't believe his eyes. He had never seen a home as big as this one. A fancy car drove through the open gate. The man who stepped out was short and heavy and wore a European-style suit. This was Jongintaba. Although Nelson's new world intrigued him, it was scary being in a strange place all alone. Luckily

有了一个新的养父：琼津塔巴。 纳尔逊和他的母亲带着纳尔逊所有的东西从村庄向西走。 他们在岩石路上走了一整天。 当他们到达时，纳尔逊简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。 他从未见过这么大的房子。 一辆豪华轿车从敞开的大门开了进来。 走出来的那个人又矮又胖，穿着一套欧式西装。 这是琼津塔巴。虽然纳尔逊的新世界吸引了他，但独自一人在一个陌生的地方还是很可怕的。 幸运的是

Jongintaba had a son named Justice, who was four years older than Nelson. The boys hunted with slings, explored the countryside, and raced horses. Nelson went to a better school than he had in the village. He studied English, history, and geography. But he learned the most by going to meetings with the tribal elders. Nelson dreamed that one day he might be a great leader like his foster father. Nelson loved to listen to stories of African heroes of the past, the men who fought against the Dutch and the British. In these stories black South Africans were ruled by their own kings like Jongintaba. "When the Europeans came to Africa," the tribal elders said, "they had the Bible and we had the land. They said, 'Let us pray.' We closed our eyes. When we opened them, we had the Bible and they had the land."

琼津塔巴有一个儿子，名叫贾斯蒂斯，比纳尔逊大四岁。 男孩们用投石器打猎，在乡村探险，还参加赛马比赛。 纳尔逊上了一所比他在村里时更好的学校。 他学习英语、历史和地理。 但他学到最多的是参加部落长老的会议。 纳尔逊梦想有一天他能像他的养父一样成为一个伟大的领袖。 纳尔逊喜欢听过去非洲英雄的故事，那些与荷兰人和英国人作战的人。 在这些故事中，南非黑人被他们自己的国王统治，比如琼津塔巴。 “当欧洲人来到非洲时，”部落长老说，“他们有《圣经》，而我们有土地。 他们说，我们祷告吧。我们闭上眼睛。 当我们打开它们时，我们有圣经，他们有土地。”