11 Life on the ice

LIFE ON THE ICE Despite the freezing cold, people have lived in the Arctic for thousands of years. Because it's too cold to grow crops, people in the Arctic developed special hunting, fishing, and crafting techniques to survive. ARCTIC PEOPLES About 4 million people live in the Arctic. Most live in modern cities and towns near the coastline, but some live in remote communities and still follow the traditions of their ancestors. Here are just a few: Inuit The Inuit people are native to greenland, Canada, and Alaska. For thousands of years, they have relied on hunting and gathering. Today, many live together in small communities. Sami The Sami people of northern Scandinavia and Russia have herded reindeer in the Arctic wilderness for centuries. Today, most Sami live in towns on the Arctic Tundra. Dolgan The Dolgan people of northern Russia live in some of the coldest conditions on Earth. They rely on reindeer for transportation, food, and clothing.

尽管寒冷刺骨，人们在北极已经生活了几千年。 因为太冷了，不适合种庄稼，北极的人们为了生存，发展了特殊的狩猎、捕鱼和手工艺技术。 大约有400万人生活在北极。 大多数人住在靠近海岸线的现代城镇，但有些人住在偏远的社区，仍然遵循他们祖先的传统。 因纽特人因纽特人原产于格陵兰岛、加拿大和阿拉斯加。 几千年来，他们依靠狩猎和采集为生。 今天，许多人一起生活在小社区里。 居住在斯堪的纳维亚半岛北部和俄罗斯的萨米人几个世纪以来一直在北极荒野放牧驯鹿。 今天，大多数萨米人住在北极苔原上的城镇里。 俄罗斯北部的多尔干人生活在地球上最寒冷的环境中。 他们依靠驯鹿运输、食物和衣服。

IGLOOS Ancient Inuits lived in houses made of bone, wood, stone, and animal fur. But on long hunting trips they built temporary shelters called igloos using blocks of snow. Today, Inuits live in modern homes, but they still build igloos on long hunting trips. Thick walls made of snow, keep out the cold and prevent heat inside from escaping-making igloos surprisingly warm! ARCTIC TOOLS While the traditional skills and tools of their ancestors are very important to Arctic peoples, many of them now combine them with more modern ways of life. New inventions, such as the snowmobile have made life in the Arctic much easier. SNOWSHOES SNOWMOBILE KAYAK SLED

古因纽特人住在用骨头、木头、石头和动物皮毛建造的房子里。 但在长途狩猎旅行中，他们用雪块建造临时住所，称为冰屋。 今天，因纽特人住在现代的房子里，但他们仍然在长途狩猎旅行中建造冰屋。 厚厚的雪墙，挡在外面的寒冷和防止内部的热量逸出-使冰屋出奇的温暖！虽然他们祖先的传统技能和工具对北极人来说非常重要，但他们中的许多人现在将它们与更现代的生活方式结合起来。 新的发明，如雪地摩托，使在北极的生活容易多了。 雪鞋，雪车，皮艇，雪橇