44 The Camera's Eye

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The Camera's Eye by JUDITH BAUER STAMPER

Chapter 1 The Camera's Eye Your eye and a camera are alike. Your eye has an opening that lets in light. It is called the pupil. The pupil gets smaller or bigger to let in the right amount of light. So you can see. In dark places this black spot gets larger, to let in more light. The iris is the colored part of your eye. It controls the size of the pupil. A camera has an opening, too. It is like the pupil in your eye. The opening can be made smaller or bigger to let in the right amount of light to take a picture. A camera also has a shutter. The shutter opens or closes the opening of a camera.

Each of your eyes has a lens. The lens is the clear, curved part of your eye. Light passes through the lens. The lens in each eye can change shape. This lets you see something near or far away. A camera also has a lens. When you look at an object, a picture of the object forms on the back of your eye. It forms on a part called the retina. The retina sends a message about the picture to your brain. The brain gives you information about what you see.

Chapter 2 How a Camera Works When you take a picture of an object, the shutter of the camera opens. It lets light from the object pass through the opening of the camera. Like your eye, a camera has a lens. The lens takes in the light. It focuses the light on the film, at the back of the camera. A picture of the object forms on the film. The film in the camera reacts to light. The light causes changes on the film. Later, chemicals are put on the film. The film is then developed into photographs.

Chapter 3 The First Photographs Joseph Niepce took the first photograph in 1827, in France. It took eight hours to get enough light to take this picture. About ten years later, Louis Daguerre invented a faster way to take pictures. Cameras and photographs were getting better and better. As time went by, people found new ways to use cameras and photographs. For the first time, people used cameras to record history. In 1849, they took photographs during the California Gold Rush. Photographers took many more pictures during the American Civil War. Today, people still look at these pictures to learn about people, places, and events from long ago.