44 The Camera's Eye

The Camera's Eye by JUDITH BAUER STAMPER

朱迪思·鲍尔·斯坦珀的《照相机的眼睛》

Chapter 1 The Camera's Eye Your eye and a camera are alike. Your eye has an opening that lets in light. It is called the pupil. The pupil gets smaller or bigger to let in the right amount of light. So you can see. In dark places this black spot gets larger, to let in more light. The iris is the colored part of your eye. It controls the size of the pupil. A camera has an opening, too. It is like the pupil in your eye. The opening can be made smaller or bigger to let in the right amount of light to take a picture. A camera also has a shutter. The shutter opens or closes the opening of a camera.

第一章照相机的眼睛你的眼睛和照相机是一样的。 你的眼睛有一个开口，可以让光线进来。 它被称为瞳孔。瞳孔变小或变大，以让适量的光线进入。 所以你可以看到。在黑暗的地方，这个黑点会变大，让更多的光进来。 虹膜是眼睛中有颜色的部分。 它控制瞳孔的大小。 照相机也有一个开口。 它就像你眼睛里的瞳孔。 这个开口可以做得更小或更大，以让适量的光线进入拍照。 照相机也有快门。 快门用来打开或关闭相机的开口。

Each of your eyes has a lens. The lens is the clear, curved part of your eye. Light passes through the lens. The lens in each eye can change shape. This lets you see something near or far away. A camera also has a lens. When you look at an object, a picture of the object forms on the back of your eye. It forms on a part called the retina. The retina sends a message about the picture to your brain. The brain gives you information about what you see.

你的每只眼睛都有晶状体。 晶状体是眼睛中清澈、弯曲的部分。 光穿过透镜。 每只眼睛的晶状体都可以改变形状。 这可以让你看到或近或远的东西。 照相机也有镜头。当你看一个物体时，这个物体的图片就会在你的眼睛后面形成。 它在视网膜上形成。 视网膜将图像的信息发送给大脑。 大脑会给你所看到的信息。

Chapter 2 How a Camera Works When you take a picture of an object, the shutter of the camera opens. It lets light from the object pass through the opening of the camera. Like your eye, a camera has a lens. The lens takes in the light. It focuses the light on the film, at the back of the camera. A picture of the object forms on the film. The film in the camera reacts to light. The light causes changes on the film. Later, chemicals are put on the film. The film is then developed into photographs.

照相机的工作原理当你给一个物体拍照时，照相机的快门会打开。 它让物体的光通过相机的开口。 像你的眼睛一样，相机也有镜头。 透镜吸收光线。 它将光线聚焦在相机背面的胶片上。 物体的图像在胶片上形成。 照相机里的胶卷对光有反应。 光线使胶片发生变化。 然后，在胶片上涂上化学药品。 然后胶卷冲洗成照片。

Chapter 3 The First Photographs Joseph Niepce took the first photograph in 1827, in France. It took eight hours to get enough light to take this picture. About ten years later, Louis Daguerre invented a faster way to take pictures. Cameras and photographs were getting better and better. As time went by, people found new ways to use cameras and photographs. For the first time, people used cameras to record history. In 1849, they took photographs during the California Gold Rush. Photographers took many more pictures during the American Civil War. Today, people still look at these pictures to learn about people, places, and events from long ago.

约瑟夫·尼埃普斯于1827年在法国拍摄了第一张照片。 拍摄这张照片花了8个小时才获得足够的光线。 大约十年后，路易斯·达盖尔发明了一种更快的照相方法。 照相机和照片变得越来越好。 随着时间的推移，人们发现了使用相机和照片的新方法。 人们第一次用相机记录历史。 1849年，他们在加州淘金热期间拍摄了照片。 在美国内战期间，摄影师拍摄了更多的照片。 今天，人们仍然通过这些图片来了解很久以前的人物、地点和事件。