38 Rocks and Minerals

Rocks and Minerals by David Bauer With the Editors of TIME FOR KIDS

《岩石与矿物》作者:大卫·鲍尔，《儿童时代》编辑

Chapter 1 In the Garden Let's go to the garden to plant seeds. Take a look at the soil. What do you see? Rocks! Earth is made of rocks and minerals. You can find them in the soil. Soil is a mixture of rocks, air, water, dead plants, and dead animals.

第一章在花园里让我们去花园里播种吧。 看看土壤。你看到了什么? 岩石!地球是由岩石和矿物构成的。 你可以在土壤里找到它们。 土壤是岩石、空气、水、死植物和死动物的混合物。

Chapter 2 Where Do Rocks and Soil Come From? Soil comes from rocks. Rocks come from Earth. Earth is a big ball of rock. Inside Earth, it is hot. The inner core is the center of Earth. The core is so hot that rock is melted there. During millions of years, the melted rock in the core pushes up. Some melted rocks cool and get hard just below the surface of Earth. This forms the shell of Earth, or crust. Sometimes the melted rock reaches the surface and cools. It forms hard rocks. Slowly, weather, water, and other things change big rocks into smaller rocks. These changes are happening all the time.

第二章岩石和土壤从何而来? 土壤来自岩石。岩石来自地球。 地球是一个大石头球。 地球内部是热的。地心是地球的中心。 地核非常热，岩石都融化了。 在数百万年的时间里，地核中融化的岩石向上挤压。 一些融化的岩石在地表以下冷却变硬。 这就形成了地球的外壳，或地壳。 有时融化的岩石到达地表并冷却。 它形成坚硬的岩石。慢慢地，天气、水和其他东西把大石头变成了小石头。 这些变化一直都在发生。

During winter, snow forms at the top of a mountain. In summer, the snow melts. It flows down the mountain. As the water flows, it breaks some of the mountain rock into pieces. The water turns into a stream. The water carries the rock pieces. The stream turns into a big river. The rock pieces get smaller and smaller. The river flows until it meets the ocean. Now the rock pieces are grains of sand.

冬天，山顶会结雪。 夏天，雪融化了。 它从山上流下来。 当水流动时，它把一些岩石打碎成碎片。 水变成了小溪。 水携带着岩石碎片。 小溪变成了一条大河。 岩石变得越来越小。 这条河一直流到汇入大海。 现在岩石碎片变成了沙粒。

Chapter 3 How Are Rocks Different? A rock is made of minerals. Granite is a type of rock. If you look at granite, you will see different colors in it. These colors are minerals. Minerals have many colors. Minerals have many shapes, too. Quartz is a mineral. It is a type of crystal. Calcite is another mineral. Calcite looks like frozen snowflakes.

第三章岩石有何不同? 岩石是由矿物构成的。 花岗岩是一种岩石。 如果你观察花岗岩，你会看到不同的颜色。 这些颜色是矿物。 矿物有许多颜色。 矿物也有许多形状。 石英是一种矿物。它是一种晶体。 方解石是另一种矿物。 方解石看起来像冰冻的雪花。