3 All About Coral Reef

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All About Coral Reefs by Mark Norman and Karen Zipkas Table of Contents Chapter 1 A Coral City page 2 Chapter 2 Food and Shelter page 4 Chapter 3 Big Eaters page 8 Chapter 4 Busy at Night page 12 Chapter 5 Take Care of Coral Reefs page 14 Glossary/ Index page 15 Comprehension Check page 16

Chapter 1 A Coral City A coral reef is like a big city under the water. A lot of sea creatures live around a coral reef. Coral reefs grow in shallow, warm seas. They grow all over the world. shallow: not deep Amazing Fact The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef in the world. It is near Australia. Most coral reefs are near land and in the tropics. ARCTIC OCEAN North America Europe Asia Africa South America PACIFIC OCEAN ATLANTIC OCEAN INDIAN OCEAN Australia Great Barrier Reef Antarctica yellow Coral reefs Tiny animals called polyps build corals. A polyp makes a coral cup to live in. A lot of cups form a coral reef. Corals have many shapes and sizes. Staghorn coral looks like spiky purple antlers. Plate coral looks like a large dinner plate. Brain coral looks like a big brain. Language DETECTIVE Called: Called has the -ed ending. Find two more words with the -ed ending on page 7. Staghorn coral Plate coral Brain coral

Chapter 2 Food and Shelter Fish love coral reefs. There's lots to eat! Parrotfish bite the coral with their sharp teeth. A parrotfish has front teeth that look like a parrot's beak. Do you think a lionfish looks like a lion? Amazing Fact The spines on a lionfish can sting people and animals. Lionfish have red and white stripes. They also have long fins and spines. Lionfish use their long spines to trap small fish.

Octopuses live in coral reefs, too. Fish and other sea creatures also love coral reefs because there are lots of places to hide. Octopuses hide in holes in the coral. Sometimes they use a piece of coral like a door, which they open and shut. Octopuses can change color to match coral. That makes them hard to see. Clownfish live in sea anemones. Sea anemones look like plants, but they are animals. They have tentacles that sting. Clownfish are covered in slime. The slime protects them from being stung. Clownfish that have wiggled into tentacles can stay safe from hungry fish. slime: slippery thing Clownfish are safe in sea anemone tentacles. Amazing Fact Sea anemones close up into a ball when they are touched.

Chapter 3 Big Eaters Sharks are big eaters. There's a lot of food for them around coral reefs. Reef sharks hunt in caves and under the corals. White-tip reef sharks have a white tip on their fin. A hammerhead shark has a head that looks like a hammer. Amazing Fact Sometimes a lot of hammerhead sharks swim together. They can help each other find smaller fish to eat. Hammerhead sharks also hunt in the reefs. They have nostrils and eyes on each side of their head. The sharks follow the smells in the water to find hurt or sick fish to eat. Language DETECTIVE Water: Find water two more times on page 11.