27 A2+ survival guide

CHAPTER 1 Getting Lost IMAGINE BEING LOST IN THE MOUNTAINS. Imagine you are in the French Alps. Maybe you are skiing or snowboarding down a mountain. Or perhaps you are a hiker on a walking tour, or even a skilled mountain climber. It starts to snow. Suddenly, you don't know where you are. You can't find the people you are with. You are cold and lost in the Alps. What do you do? Every year, people get lost in the Alps and other mountains around the world. Some people die, and others get hurt. Mountains can be very dangerous, especially when there's snow. Avalanches happen often. In one year, 80 tourists died in avalanches in the French Alps. About 35 people die in avalanches each year in the United States.

第一章迷路想象一下在山里迷路的情景。 想象你在法国的阿尔卑斯山。 也许你正在滑雪或滑雪下山。 或者你是徒步旅行的徒步旅行者，或者甚至是一个熟练的登山者。 开始下雪了。突然间，你不知道自己身在何处。 你找不到和你在一起的人。 你很冷，在阿尔卑斯山迷路了。 你是怎么做的？每年都有人在阿尔卑斯山和世界各地的其他山脉迷路。 有些人死了，有些人受伤了。 山上可能很危险，尤其是下雪的时候。 雪崩经常发生。一年内，有80名游客死于法国阿尔卑斯山的雪崩。 美国每年大约有35人死于雪崩。

But avalanches aren't the only problem. Some people don't plan well. They don't have enough food or water. Others fall off the side of a mountain or into cold water. Sometimes people get caught in a bad snowstorm and die from the cold. However, if you stay calm and have the right skills, you can survive. If you are lost, just remember the word STOP. S = Stop. Stay calm. T = Think. How did you get lost? Can you get back? O = Observe. Where are you? Does anything look familiar? P = Plan. What do you need to do to survive? In 2011, Brock Besner and Craig D'Allessandro survived for three days during a terrible snowstorm in high mountains. Keep reading to learn how they did it and how you can survive if you are ever lost in the mountains.

但雪崩并不是唯一的问题。 有些人没有做好计划。 他们没有足够的食物和水。 其他的则从山上掉下来或掉进冷水里。 有时人们会被暴风雪困住，冻死。 然而，如果你保持冷静并掌握正确的技能，你就能活下来。 如果你迷路了，只要记住“停止”这个词。 S =停止。保持冷静。思考。 你是怎么迷路的？你能回去吗？ O =观察。你在哪里？ 有什么眼熟的吗？ P =计划。你需要做些什么才能生存？ 2011年，布洛克·贝斯纳（Brock Besner）和克雷格·达历山德罗（Craig D' alessandro）在高山上遭遇了一场可怕的暴风雪，他们活了三天。 继续阅读，了解他们是如何做到的，如果你在山里迷路了，你该如何生存。

CHAPTER 2 Getting Water HOW WILL YOU GET WATER IF YOU ARE LOST? If you are planning to be in snowy mountains, you need to bring water or have ways to get it. You should drink more than one liter of water every day. If you are on a day hike, skiing, or snowboarding, you should bring a two-liter bottle of water with you. If you are planning a longer stay, you should still only bring two liters. More water will make your pack too heavy. When you need water, you can get it from lakes and rivers or by melting snow. You should boil the water before you drink it, so don't forget to bring a lighter or matches to start a fire. You can also bring tablets that you put in water to make it safe, or you can bring a water filter.

第二章取水如果你迷路了，你怎么取水呢？ 如果你打算去雪山，你需要带水或者想办法弄到水。 你每天应该喝一升水以上。 如果你是徒步旅行、滑雪或单板滑雪，你应该随身携带一瓶两升的水。 如果你打算长期停留，你仍然应该只带两升。 更多的水会使你的背包太重。 当你需要水时，你可以从湖泊、河流或融化的雪中获得水。 你应该在喝水之前把水煮开，所以别忘了带打火机或火柴来生火。 你也可以带些药片放在水里以保证安全，或者你可以带一个滤水器。

You may be asking, "Why is water unsafe? Water in the mountains is cleaner than water in the city, right?" This isn't always true. For example, in the lower part of the Alps, there are many animals, and they can contaminate the water. Drinking unsafe water can give you stomach problems. It can make you sick for a day or two or even for a few weeks. Water can be clean, especially high in the mountains. But even if the risk is low, you don't want to be sick when you are hiking or doing sports in the mountains. And you really don't want to get sick if you are lost in the mountains, so it is always best to purify water before drinking it.

你可能会问，“为什么水不安全？” 山里的水比城里的水干净，对吧？”这并不总是正确的。 例如，在阿尔卑斯山的下部，有许多动物，它们会污染水。 喝不安全的水会引起胃病。 它可以让你生病一两天，甚至几个星期。 水可以是干净的，尤其是在高山上。 但即使风险很低，你也不想在徒步旅行或在山上做运动时生病。 如果你在山里迷路了，你真的不想生病，所以最好在喝水之前净化一下。

How do you purify water in the mountains? First, get some water from lakes or rivers, or use snow if there is no water nearby. Next, make a fire and heat the water until it boils. It sounds easy, doesn't it? But it's not so easy to make a fire in the mountains. Here's how to do it: 1 Find a place that is dry and out of the wind. 2 Put down some dry tree branches. 3 Put tinder (twigs, dead leaves, dry grass) on the branches.

你怎样净化山里的水？ 首先，从湖泊或河流中取水，如果附近没有水，就用雪。 接下来，生火，把水加热至沸腾。 听起来很容易，不是吗？ 但是在山上生火并不那么容易。 方法如下：1 .找一个干燥、避风的地方。 2 .放下一些干树枝。 在树枝上放些火种（小树枝、枯叶、干草）。

4 Light the tinder with a lighter or matches, and then add kindling (small, dry branches). 5 When the kindling is burning well, add some more dry wood. If you don't have matches or a lighter, you can start a fire with a dry branch and a flat piece of wood. Turn the branch around and around really fast on the wood until it gets hot and starts to smoke. Then hold your tinder close to the branch until it catches fire. It's not easy, but keep trying, and it will work in the end. If you're lost in the mountains with no water and you can't make a fire, then you should use your body heat to melt snow. Put some snow in a water bottle and leave it under your jacket while you walk or sleep at night. The snow will melt, but the water won't be purified. If, however, you have no other water to drink you should take the risk and drink it. If you don't drink enough water, your body becomes dehydrated, which is a serious problem and can even cause people to die.

用打火机或火柴点燃火绒，然后加入引火物（小而干的树枝）。 当引火物烧得很旺时，再加一些干木头。 如果你没有火柴或打火机，你可以用一根干树枝和一块平坦的木头生火。 在木头上快速地转动树枝，直到它变热并开始冒烟。 然后把你的火种靠近树枝，直到它着火。 这并不容易，但坚持尝试，最终会成功的。 如果你在山里迷路了，没有水，你不能生火，那么你应该用你的体温来融化雪。 在水瓶里放一些雪，晚上走路或睡觉时放在外套下面。 雪会融化，但水不会被净化。 然而，如果你没有其他的水可以喝，你应该冒险喝它。 如果你没有喝足够的水，你的身体就会脱水，这是一个严重的问题，甚至可能导致人死亡。