16 A2 what makes a place special

CHAPTER 1 City, Country, Continent LET'S THINK ABOUT NEW YORK CITY. LET'S FIND THREE THINGS THAT SAY "NEW YORK!" Think about a park, a food, and a way to travel around the city. Then answer the questions. 1 This park in New York is famous. You can see it in many movies. What's its name? A Central Park B Manhattan Park C Brooklyn Park 2 Many people eat this type of bread for breakfast in New York. Sometimes they put meat or cheese on it. What is it? A eggs B bagel C Cake 3 In London, taxis are usually black. But New York taxis are a different color. What color are they? A red B blue C yellow

第一章城市、乡村、大陆让我们想想纽约市。 我们来找三个代表“纽约”的东西想想一个公园，一种食物，一种在城市里旅行的方式。 然后回答问题。 纽约的这个公园很有名。 你可以在很多电影中看到它。 它叫什么名字？在纽约，很多人早餐都吃这种面包。 有时他们把肉或奶酪放在上面。 这是什么？3 .在伦敦，出租车通常是黑色的。 但纽约的出租车是另一种颜色。 它们是什么颜色的？A红色B蓝色C黄色

Now let's think about the country of Italy. What do you think of? buildings— maybe the Colosseum in Rome, or the Vatican? Food pizza, pasta, ice cream? Other things— soccer, opera singing, the boats in Venice? Which three things would you choose to describe Italy? Now let's look at continents. How many continents are there in the world? Most people say seven. How good are you at geography? 1 Which continent has no countries? 2 It is the second largest continent. Which is it? 3 Three things: the Andes, Machu Picchu, soccer. Which continent are you thinking about? In this book we're going to look at a city, Moscow; a country, Egypt; and a continent, Australia. For each of them, we're going to look at three things. These might be buildings, animals, people, types of food, or something else that people connect with that place.

现在我们来看看意大利这个国家。 你觉得怎么样？建筑——也许是罗马的斗兽场，或者梵蒂冈？ 食物披萨，意大利面，冰淇淋？ 其他的吗，足球，歌剧演唱，威尼斯的船？ 你会用哪三个词来形容意大利？ 现在让我们来看看大陆。 世界上有多少大洲？ 大多数人说是七个。你地理学得怎么样？ 哪个大洲没有国家？ 它是世界第二大洲。 是哪一个？三样东西：安第斯山脉、马丘比丘、足球。 你在想哪个大洲？ 在这本书中，我们要看一个城市，莫斯科；一个国家，埃及；还有一个大陆，澳大利亚。 对于它们中的每一个，我们都要看三件事。 这些可能是建筑、动物、人、食物的种类，或者人们与那个地方联系在一起的其他东西。

CHAPTER 2 Moscow THE LARGEST CITY IN EUROPE, ONE OF THE OLDEST AND NOW ONE OF THE MOST EXPENSIVE, MOSCOW IS RUSSIA'S CAPITAL. OVER 11 MILLION PEOPLE LIVE HERE, AND THE CITY IS STILL GROWING -THIS NUMBER MIGHT DOUBLE IN THE NEXT 20 YEARS! You can see lots of onion domes on old buildings in Moscow and in other parts of Russia. You can also see them in other countries, like in the south of Germany, Austria, the Middle East, and India. Many people think the idea for onion domes came from the East. Others say they are a Russian idea and a smart one, because snow falls off them. This is important in a country with very cold winters.

莫斯科是俄罗斯的首都，欧洲最大的城市，最古老的城市之一，现在也是最昂贵的城市之一。 超过1100万人居住在这里，而且这个城市还在不断增长——这个数字可能在未来20年翻一番！你可以在莫斯科和俄罗斯其他地方的老建筑上看到许多洋葱状的圆顶。 你也可以在其他国家看到它们，比如德国南部、奥地利、中东和印度。 许多人认为洋葱圆顶的想法来自东方。 也有人说这是俄罗斯人的主意，而且很聪明，因为雪会从上面掉下来。 这在一个冬天非常寒冷的国家是很重要的。

This is Red Square, in the center of Moscow. On the right is St Basil's Cathedral with its onion domes. On the left is the Kremlin. In Russian, kremlin means "fortress." Hundreds of years ago people hid in the Kremlin in times of danger. But today, visitors come to see its palaces, its museums, and its four cathedrals. In Moscow there are many old buildings, but there are many new buildings, too. It's a fast-growing city. People say that there are too many cars and it's very expensive to live there. But many people like living in Moscow because of the interesting shops and the nightlife.

这是莫斯科市中心的红场。 右边是带有洋葱状圆顶的圣巴西尔大教堂。 左边是克里姆林宫。 在俄语中，克里姆林宫的意思是“堡垒”。 几百年前，人们在危险时刻躲在克里姆林宫里。 但今天，游客们来参观它的宫殿、博物馆和四座大教堂。 莫斯科有许多老建筑，但也有许多新建筑。 这是一个快速发展的城市。人们说那里的车太多了，而且住在那里很贵。 但是许多人喜欢住在莫斯科，因为那里有有趣的商店和夜生活。

In November 1939, the Soviet Union went to war with Finland. The war went on until the following March, so it's called the Winter War. Because their clothes weren't warm enough, many Soviet soldiers died from the cold. After the Winter War they got new winter clothes, and a special hat— the ushanka. Soviet soldiers wore these warm fur hats through the Second World War, or World War II. After World War II ended in 1945, people in other countries started to wear ushankas because they're comfortable and warm, and they look good. They became popular in some northern European countries, and in Canada and the United States. The police and soldiers often wear them and in the United States so do the people who bring the mail. Many years ago people made ushankas from animal fur. Now they make the "fur" in factories. This is cheaper and stronger. Also, many people today don't want to kill animals to make hats.

1939年11月，苏联与芬兰开战。 这场战争一直持续到次年三月，所以被称为“冬季战争”。 因为他们的衣服不够保暖，许多苏联士兵冻死了。 冬季战争结束后，他们有了新的冬衣，还有一种特殊的帽子——乌尚卡。 苏联士兵在第二次世界大战期间一直戴着这种温暖的毛皮帽子。 1945年第二次世界大战结束后，其他国家的人们开始穿ushanka，因为它们舒适、温暖，而且看起来很漂亮。 它们在一些北欧国家、加拿大和美国流行起来。 警察和士兵经常戴着它们，在美国，送信的人也戴着它们。 许多年前，人们用动物皮毛制作羊绒。 现在他们在工厂里制造“毛皮”。 这个更便宜也更结实。 而且，现在很多人不想杀动物来做帽子。

Think of food in Russia. Think of something really expensive maybe $10,000 a kilogram! At that price, you don't get much caviar for $40. In the past, most caviar came from the rivers of Russia. Today, most caviar comes from the Caspian Sea, and most of that comes from Iran, not Russia. However, caviar also comes from the United States, Canada, and Saudi Arabia. In 2012 there was a caviar-eating competition in a Moscow restaurant. The winner, Alexander Valov, ate $5,000 of caviar in less than a minute and a half. He won $340 and some more caviar to take home.

想想俄罗斯的食物。想想一些非常昂贵的东西，比如每公斤10万美元！在这个价格下，你用0买不到多少鱼子酱。 过去，大多数鱼子酱来自俄罗斯的河流。 今天，大多数鱼子酱来自里海，其中大部分来自伊朗，而不是俄罗斯。 然而，鱼子酱也来自美国、加拿大和沙特阿拉伯。 2012年，莫斯科一家餐厅举办了一场吃鱼子酱比赛。 冠军亚历山大·瓦洛夫（Alexander Valov）在不到一分半钟的时间里吃掉了5000个鱼子酱。 他赢了40美元，还有一些鱼子酱可以带回家。