51 L6-All About Space

Oxford Read and Discover level 6 All About Space by Alex Raynham

牛津阅读和发现6级所有关于空间的亚历克斯·雷纳姆

Introduction Space is everything that's around planet Earth, and it's bigger than we can imagine. When you look at the sky at night, you can see thousands of stars. Did you know that the Sun is a star, too? There are also billions of other stars in space, and billions of planets! How many planets do you know? What do you know about them? What can you see below? Discover! Now read and discover more about space!

空间是地球周围的一切，它比我们想象的要大。 当你在晚上看天空时，你可以看到成千上万的星星。 你知道太阳也是一颗恒星吗? 太空中还有数十亿颗恒星和数十亿颗行星!你知道多少颗行星? 你对他们了解多少? 下面你能看到什么?发现!现在阅读并发现更多关于太空的知识!

Chapter 1 Our Solar System Stars are huge balls of hot gas. A star with planets around it is called a solar system. Our Sun has eight planets— this is our solar system. Our Galaxy Groups of stars are called galaxies. Each galaxy has billions of stars. Our solar system is in a galaxy called the Milky Way that has 200 billion stars. There are billions of other galaxies in the universe. Discover! The universe is everything that exists all the stars in all the galaxies. It appeared in a single moment, called the Big Bang, about 14 billion years ago. Before then, there were no stars. Our Amazing Sun The Sun and all other stars are made of two gases called hydrogen and helium. The hydrogen changes into helium in a process called nuclear fusion. This process produces heat and light. Our Sun is about 150 million kilometers away from Earth, but it's hot enough to burn you at the beach! Plants on Earth use energy from the Sun to grow. Animals and people also get their energy from the Sun because they eat plants. Earth and the Sun A planet goes around, or orbits, a star. It takes our planet Earth one year to orbit the Sun. A planet also turns on its axis. It takes Earth 24 hours to do a complete turn on its axis. When a place on Earth is opposite the Sun, it's daytime in that place.

第一章我们太阳系的恒星是巨大的热气球。 有行星环绕的恒星称为太阳系。 我们的太阳有八个行星——这就是我们的太阳系。 我们的星系群被称为星系。 每个星系都有数十亿颗恒星。 我们的太阳系位于一个叫做银河系的星系中，这个星系有2000亿颗恒星。 宇宙中还有数十亿个星系。 发现!宇宙是所有存在的一切所有星系中的所有恒星。 它在大约140亿年前出现在一个叫做大爆炸的瞬间。 在那之前，没有星星。 我们神奇的太阳太阳和其他所有的恒星都是由氢和氦两种气体组成的。 氢在一个叫做核聚变的过程中变成氦。 这个过程产生热和光。 我们的太阳距离地球大约1.5亿公里，但它的热足以把你在海滩上烧死!地球上的植物利用来自太阳的能量生长。 动物和人也从太阳获得能量，因为他们吃植物。 地球和太阳行星绕恒星运行或绕其轨道运行。 地球绕太阳公转一周需要一年的时间。 行星也绕着它的轴转动。 地球绕地轴转一周需要24小时。 当地球上的一个地方与太阳相对时，那个地方就是白天。

The Planets in Our Solar System All the planets in our solar system orbit the Sun. A year is the time that it takes a planet to orbit the Sun— it's 365 days for Earth. Mercury and Venus are near the Sun, so they have shorter years because they travel a shorter distance around the Sun. A year on Mercury is the same as 88 days on Earth. Planets that are further from the Sun have longer orbits. A year on Neptune is the same as 165 years on Earth. Each planet in our solar system is different, but Mercury, Venus, and Mars are rocky planets like Earth. If you landed on these planets, you would find rocks, and you could walk around on them. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are called gas giants. They are much bigger than the rocky planets, and they are made mostly of gas. Dwarf Planets Astronomers have discovered five dwarf planets in our solar system. Dwarf planets are like very small planets and they orbit the Sun. The biggest dwarf planet is called Eris, and it's 2,500 kilometers across. Discover! The most famous dwarf planet is Pluto. It was discovered in 1930, and for more than 70 years, it was called the ninth planet in the solar system. Now it's called a dwarf planet.

太阳系中的行星太阳系中所有的行星都围绕太阳运行。 一年是行星绕太阳公转一周的时间——地球是365天。 水星和金星离太阳很近，所以它们的年数较短，因为它们绕太阳运行的距离较短。 水星上的一年相当于地球上的88天。 离太阳越远的行星轨道越长。 海王星上的一年相当于地球上的165年。 我们太阳系中的每颗行星都是不同的，但水星、金星和火星都是像地球一样的岩石行星。 如果你降落在这些行星上，你会发现岩石，你可以在上面行走。 木星、土星、天王星和海王星被称为气态巨行星。 它们比岩石行星大得多，主要由气体组成。 天文学家在太阳系中发现了五颗矮行星。 矮行星就像非常小的行星，它们围绕太阳运行。 最大的矮行星叫做厄里斯，直径为2500公里。 发现!最著名的矮行星是冥王星。 它于1930年被发现，70多年来，它被称为太阳系的第九大行星。 现在它被称为矮行星。

Chapter 2 The Inner Planets The inner planets in our solar system are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. They are the nearest planets to the Sun and they are made of rocks and soil. Venus, Earth, and Mars have gas around them, called atmosphere. Mercury Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system and it doesn't have an atmosphere. A planet's atmosphere traps the Sun's heat, and keeps the temperature warm at night. Mercury is very hot in the daytime because it's the nearest planet to the Sun, but it's very cold at night. When the temperature on one half of Mercury is 427 degrees centigrade, the other half is minus 173 degrees! Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun, and the nearest planet to Earth, but it would not be a nice place to visit! Pressure is the force or weight of something on your body. Venus has more gas in its atmosphere than Earth, and all that gas creates pressure. If astronauts visited Venus, the pressure would kill them. In the atmosphere around Venus, a gas called carbon dioxide traps heat from the Sun. The temperature on Venus is 462 degrees centigrade— that's hotter than a pizza oven! The sky on Venus is yellow because there are clouds of sulphuric acid. This dangerous chemical can burn metal. Discover! Venus turns very slowly on its axis, but it orbits the Sun very quickly, so a day is longer than a year on Venus!

我们太阳系的内行星是水星、金星、地球和火星。 它们是离太阳最近的行星，由岩石和土壤构成。 金星、地球和火星周围都有气体，称为大气。 水星是太阳系中最小的行星，它没有大气层。 行星的大气层会吸收太阳的热量，并在夜间保持温度。 水星白天非常热，因为它是离太阳最近的行星，但晚上却非常冷。 当水星一半的温度是427摄氏度时，另一半的温度是零下173度!金星是离太阳第二远的行星，也是离地球最近的行星，但它不是一个好地方!压力是物体施加在你身上的力或重量。 金星的大气中有比地球更多的气体，这些气体产生了压力。 如果宇航员访问金星，压力会杀死他们。 在金星周围的大气中，一种叫做二氧化碳的气体吸收了来自太阳的热量。 金星上的温度是462摄氏度——比披萨烤箱还热!金星上的天空是黄色的，因为有硫酸云。 这种危险的化学物质会燃烧金属。 发现!金星绕地轴转得很慢，但绕太阳转得很快，所以金星上的一天比一年还要长!