48 L5-Our World in Art

Oxford Read and Discover level 5 Our World In Art by Richard Northcott

牛津阅读和发现第5级我们的艺术世界由理查德·诺斯科特

Introduction Artists help us to look at our world. They look at places and people, and then they show them in pictures. Artists also show smaller things flowers, fruit, or birds. Artists don't only make pictures. Sometimes they make sculptures with stone, metal, or wood. What things from our world do artists show in art? What types of art do you know? What is your favorite type of art? Discover! Now read and discover more about our world in art!

艺术家帮助我们观察我们的世界。 他们观察地方和人，然后用图片展示出来。 艺术家们也会展示更小的东西——花、水果或鸟。 艺术家不仅仅是绘画。 有时他们用石头、金属或木头雕刻。 艺术家在艺术中展示了我们世界的哪些东西? 你知道哪些类型的艺术? 你最喜欢的艺术类型是什么? 发现!现在阅读和发现更多关于我们的艺术世界!

Chapter 1 Cities Cities are interesting places. There are lots of different buildings. Cities are also full of people, and all the people are different. Artists have always been interested in cities and in the people who live in them. A City from Outside In about 1600, an artist called El Greco painted a picture of Toledo, a city in Spain. Toledo was an important city at that time. There were great buildings there. El Greco's painting shows Toledo from the countryside. The city looks quiet. The sky is dark and there's going to be a storm, but the city looks strong. Inside a City Now let's go inside a city. There are streets and buildings, and there are lots of people. It's fun to watch people in cities, and artists like painting them. In 1876, Gustave Caillebotte painted some people on a bridge in Paris. A man and a woman are crossing the bridge and talking. Another man is leaning on the bridge and watching something. A dog is walking across the bridge, too. When we look at this painting, we think that we are on the bridge. We think this because the artist has used perspective.

城市是有趣的地方。 有很多不同的建筑。 城市里也挤满了人，所有的人都不一样。 艺术家们一直对城市和生活在城市里的人很感兴趣。 大约在1600年，一位名叫埃尔·格列柯的艺术家画了一幅西班牙城市托莱多的画。 托莱多当时是一个重要的城市。 那里有很多伟大的建筑。 埃尔·格列柯的画描绘了托莱多的乡村。 这个城市看起来很安静。天空很暗，暴风雨即将来临，但这座城市看起来很坚强。 现在让我们走进一座城市。 有街道和建筑物，有很多人。 看城市里的人很有趣，艺术家喜欢画他们。 1876年，古斯塔夫·卡耶博特在巴黎的一座桥上画了一些人。 一个男人和一个女人正在过桥聊天。 另一个人正倚在桥上看什么东西。 一只狗也在过桥。 当我们看着这幅画的时候，我们认为我们是在桥上。 我们认为这是因为艺术家使用了透视法。

Perspective You can't go inside a painting. It's just a picture on a flat piece of paper or canvas. Sometimes we think that we're inside a painting, because the artist has used perspective. When there's perspective, the lines in a picture go to a place on the horizon, called the vanishing point. This painting of New York is by Hippolyte Sebron. The tops of the buildings, the windows, and the lines in the snow go to the vanishing point. The vanishing point looks far away, but the horses look near. Now look again at the painting on page 5. Where is the vanishing point? Artists don't always use perspective. When there's no perspective, everything looks near. There's no vanishing point, and there are no buildings far away. A Russian artist called Natalia Goncharova painted this big picture of a Russian city. It was scenery for a ballet. There are hundreds of towers and domes in her painting, but there's no perspective. Discover! Artists can play with perspective and make amazing shapes. Look carefully at this shape. Which is the front of the shape? Which is the back?

透视你不能进入一幅画的内部。 它只是在一张平面纸或画布上的一幅画。 有时我们认为我们在一幅画中，因为艺术家使用了透视法。 当有透视时，画面中的线条会指向地平线上的一个地方，称为消失点。 这幅描绘纽约的画是希波吕特·西布伦画的。 建筑物的顶部、窗户和雪地上的线条都消失了。 消失点看起来很远，但马看起来很近。 现在再看一下第五页的这幅画。 消失点在哪里? 艺术家并不总是使用透视法。 当没有透视的时候，一切看起来都很近。 没有消失点，也没有远处的建筑。 一位名叫Natalia Goncharova的俄罗斯艺术家画了这幅俄罗斯城市的大图。 这是芭蕾舞剧的布景。 在她的画中有数百座塔楼和圆顶，但没有透视。 发现!艺术家可以运用透视法，创造出令人惊叹的形状。 仔细看这个形状。 哪个是形状的前面? 哪个是后面?

Chapter 2 Indoors A painting of the inside of a building is called an interior. When artists paint interiors, they often use perspective so that we can see through one room into another room. Mr Kong's House In this interior from China, we can see a big room with tables, chairs, and five big lamps. At the back of the room there are two doors. We can look through the doors and see another, smaller room. The room is in the house of a rich man called Mr Kong. Maybe he's the man in the blue coat who's playing a type of guitar, but we don't really know. We also don't know the name of the artist. Usually, artists write their signature in small letters on their paintings, but not always. The Boy with the Bread One day, a boy went to the baker's for some bread. Then he went to a big house, walked through the courtyard, and knocked on the door. A woman opened the door and took the bread. We see this little story in this painting by a Dutch painter called Pieter de Hooch. The artist used perspective to show us the house, the courtyard, and the street outside. Look at the lines on the floor. They go to a vanishing point that's behind the building and far away.

描绘建筑物内部的画叫做室内画。 当艺术家画室内时，他们经常使用透视法，这样我们就可以透过一个房间看到另一个房间。 在这个来自中国的室内设计中，我们可以看到一个有桌子、椅子和五盏大灯的大房间。 在房间的后面有两扇门。 我们可以透过门看到另一个更小的房间。 这个房间在一个叫孔先生的有钱人的房子里。 也许他就是那个穿蓝色外套弹吉他的人，但我们真的不知道。 我们也不知道艺术家的名字。 通常，艺术家们会在他们的画上用小写字母签名，但也不总是这样。 拿着面包的男孩一天，一个男孩去面包店买面包。 然后他走到一所大房子前，穿过院子，敲了敲门。 一个女人打开门，拿了面包。 我们在荷兰画家彼得·德·霍赫的这幅画中看到了这个小故事。 艺术家用透视法向我们展示了房子、庭院和外面的街道。 看看地板上的线条。 他们去了一个消失点，在大楼后面很远的地方。