47 L5-Medicine Then and Now

Oxford Read and Discover level 5 Medicine Then and Now by Louise & Richard Spilsbury

牛津阅读和发现第5级医学过去和现在路易丝和理查德·斯皮尔伯里

Introduction Today, when we have a headache or a fever, we can take medicine to make us well. When we go to hospital, doctors use medicine to help to make us well. In the past, medicine was different from what it is like today. Have you ever been ill? Have you ever been to hospital? What types of medicine have you used? Do you know what medicine was like in the past? Discover! Now read and discover more about medicine in the past and medicine today!

今天，当我们头痛或发烧时，我们可以吃药让我们好起来。 当我们去医院时，医生用药物帮助我们恢复健康。 在过去，医学与今天不同。 你生过病吗?你去过医院吗? 你用过什么药? 你知道过去的医学是什么样的吗? 发现!现在阅读和发现更多关于过去和现在的医学!

Chapter 1 Early Medicine Thousands of years ago, people tried to heal broken bones, but they thought that only magic could cure them when they were ill! Healthy Nomads Early people were nomads they didn't live in one place. They traveled around to look for food. They were healthy people. They lived outdoors most of the time and they walked and ran a lot. They hunted animals and ate the meat when it was still fresh. They usually ate plants on the same day that they picked them. People used mud to heal broken bones. If they broke an arm or a leg, they put wet mud on it. Then the mud became dry and hard, and it stopped the arm or leg moving so that the bone inside could heal. Magic Early people believed that they got ill because evil spirits were inside them. Many people had amulets things that people think are lucky. They hoped that their amulets would stop them being ill. People cared for each other when they were ill. A shaman was a man or woman who sang songs, danced, and did magic spells to make people well. Many people believed that these magic spells worked. In some places today, people visit a shaman for help when they are ill.

几千年前，人们试图治愈骨折，但他们认为只有魔法才能治愈他们生病的时候!健康的游牧民族早期的人们是游牧民族，他们不住在一个地方。 他们四处旅行寻找食物。 他们是健康的人。他们大部分时间都住在户外，他们经常散步和跑步。 他们猎取动物，在肉还新鲜的时候吃掉。 他们通常在采摘植物的当天就把它们吃掉。 人们用泥来治愈骨折。 如果他们摔断了胳膊或腿，他们会在上面涂上湿泥。 然后泥变得又干又硬，它阻止了胳膊或腿的移动，这样里面的骨头就可以愈合了。 早期的人相信他们生病是因为他们体内有恶灵。 很多人都有护身符人们认为是幸运的东西。 他们希望他们的护身符能阻止他们生病。 人们生病时互相照顾。 萨满是一个男人或女人，他们唱歌、跳舞、施魔法让人们康复。 许多人相信这些魔法咒语起作用了。 在今天的一些地方，当人们生病时，他们会向萨满寻求帮助。

Medicines Made From Plants When early people tasted plants to test which ones were safe to eat, they also discovered plants that cured illness and fever. These plants were the first medicines. One of the oldest books about medicines made from plants was written in China more than 4,000 years ago! Most early medicines were made from parts of plants, like flowers. People ate the plant parts, or they made them into drinks. Sometimes they made the plant parts into lotions to put on their body. Today, many people use medicines made from plants. For example, people use lotions made from aloe vera plants to make sore skin feel better. Ancient Egyptian Doctors We know about medicine in Ancient Egypt because Ancient Egyptians wrote about their world. They cut words into walls and wrote on a type of paper. We know that Ancient Egyptians used magic spells to cure people, but they also had the first doctors. These doctors made medicines from plants, and they were good at putting bandages on wounds. They also used honey to help wounds to heal! This was a good idea. Even today, doctors put honey on wounds because it helps wounds to heal quickly.

当早期的人们品尝植物来检验哪些可以安全食用时，他们也发现了一些可以治疗疾病和发烧的植物。 这些植物是最早的药物。 关于植物制药的最古老的书之一是4000多年前在中国写的!大多数早期的药物都是由植物的部分制成的，比如花。 人们吃植物的部分，或者把它们做成饮料。 有时他们把植物的部分制成乳液涂在身上。 今天，许多人使用由植物制成的药物。 例如，人们使用芦荟植物制成的乳液来缓解皮肤疼痛。 我们知道古埃及的医学是因为古埃及人记录了他们的世界。 他们把字刻在墙上，写在一种纸上。 我们知道古埃及人用咒语治病，但他们也有最早的医生。 这些医生用植物制药，他们擅长在伤口上缠绷带。 他们还用蜂蜜帮助伤口愈合!这是个好主意。 即使在今天，医生也会把蜂蜜涂在伤口上，因为它能帮助伤口快速愈合。

Chapter 2 Doctors and Ideas When we go to a doctor, we ask, 'What is wrong with me?' Doctors have always had different ideas about how to diagnose and treat people. Ayurvedic Medicine Ayurvedic medicine started in India about 3,000 years ago. Ayurvedic doctors ask a patient about their life how they live, what they eat, and how they feel. To make people well and to prevent illness, Ayurvedic doctors tell people what foods to eat and what exercise to do. They also give people medicines made from plants, and they show them how to do yoga. Today, many people around the world use Ayurvedic medicine. Acupuncture Acupuncture is a type of medicine that people have used for thousands of years in China, Japan, and Korea. Today, people use acupuncture in many places around the world. Acupuncture doctors put thin needles into a patient's body at special places called acupuncture points. The needles stay in the body for up to 30 minutes, then the doctor takes them out. No one really knows how acupuncture works, but people often use it to treat backache, toothache, and headaches, and to stop people feeling ill. Discover! In China, some doctors use acupuncture on their patients during surgery. The patients aren't asleep, but they feel no pain!

当我们去看医生时，我们会问:“我怎么了?”医生们对于如何诊断和治疗病人总是有不同的想法。 阿育吠陀医学起源于大约3000年前的印度。 阿育吠陀医生会询问病人的生活情况——他们如何生活、吃什么、感觉如何。 为了使人们健康和预防疾病，阿育吠陀医生告诉人们吃什么食物和做什么运动。 他们也给人们用植物制成的药物，并教他们如何做瑜伽。 今天，世界上许多人都在使用阿育吠陀医学。 针灸是一种在中国、日本和韩国已经使用了数千年的医学。 今天，世界上许多地方的人们都在使用针灸。 针灸医生将细针插入病人身体的特殊部位，称为穴位。 针头在体内停留30分钟，然后医生将其取出。 没有人真正知道针灸是如何起作用的，但人们经常用它来治疗背痛、牙痛和头痛，并阻止人们感到不适。 发现!在中国，一些医生在给病人做手术时使用针灸。 病人没有睡着，但他们感觉不到疼痛!