45 L5-Homes around the world

Oxford Read and Discover level 5 Homes Around the World by Jacqueline Martin

牛津阅读和发现世界各地的5级家庭杰奎琳·马丁

Introduction The place where we live, sleep, and eat is called our home. There are lots of different types of home. Homes around the world are made of many different materials, and can be many different shapes and sizes. How many different types of home can you think of? What types of home do you have in your country? What are they made of? How old are they? What are the homes below called? Where in the world can you find these homes? Discover! Now read and discover more about homes around the world!

我们生活、睡觉、吃饭的地方叫做家。 有很多不同类型的家。 世界各地的房屋由许多不同的材料制成，可以有许多不同的形状和大小。 你能想到多少种不同类型的家? 你们国家的房子都是什么类型的? 它们是用什么做的?他们多大了? 下面的房子叫什么? 你在世界上哪里能找到这样的家? 发现!现在阅读和发现更多关于世界各地的家庭!

Chapter 1 Homes in the Past About 50,000 years ago people lived in caves. Then about 5,000 years ago people started to build homes. People in the past didn't have homes like we have today. How were these homes different? Caves Caves were dark and didn't have windows. They protected people from bad weather and wild animals. The doors were made from animal skins. There was no kitchen or bathroom. Cave people cooked their food on fires. In hot weather they didn't live in homes at all they lived and slept outside. In some places where there were no natural caves, people had to dig caves out of the hills. Straw and Mud Houses The first houses were made from dry plants like straw. These houses weren't very strong. The Ancient Egyptians built houses with bricks made of mud and straw. They put the mixture into molds and left them in the sun to dry. Then they built walls with the bricks and put wet mud on top. There were holes in the walls for windows and doors. Egyptian houses had flat roofs. People often slept on the roof because it was nice and cool. In the past other people in Asia, Africa, and South and North America built mud houses, too. Different-colored mud made different-colored bricks!

大约5万年前，人们住在洞穴里。 大约5000年前，人们开始建造房屋。 过去的人们没有像我们今天这样的家。 这些家庭有何不同? 洞穴很黑，没有窗户。 他们保护人们免受恶劣天气和野生动物的侵害。 门是用兽皮做的。 没有厨房和浴室。 穴居人用火做饭。 在炎热的天气，他们根本不住在家里，他们住在外面，睡在外面。 在一些没有天然洞穴的地方，人们不得不在山上挖洞。 最早的房子是用干草之类的干植物建造的。 这些房子不是很坚固。 古埃及人用泥土和稻草制成的砖建造房屋。 他们把混合物放进模具里，放在太阳下晒干。 然后他们用砖头砌墙，在上面涂上湿泥。 墙上有一些洞，用来做窗户和门。 埃及的房子有平屋顶。 人们经常睡在屋顶上，因为那里凉爽宜人。 过去，亚洲、非洲、南美和北美的其他人也建造泥屋。 不同颜色的泥做成不同颜色的砖!

Stone Houses Some people in the past built houses from stone because it was strong. Poor people lived in small houses with only one room. Important rich people built stone castles to live in. These took many years to build. The Ancient Greeks built houses with mud bricks on top of stone blocks. The roofs were usually made of tiles. The Incas lived in Peru. They built houses with stone blocks. Each block was carefully cut and polished so the houses looked great when they were finished. The houses had thatched roofs made of straw. Discover! Inca walls were strong because there were spaces between the blocks. When there was an earthquake, the blocks moved, but the walls didn't fall down! Wooden Houses The Ancient Chinese people built wooden houses. They had long roofs made of a wood called bamboo. Many Chinese houses were built on platforms to protect the wood from water. The Ancient Romans built houses with wood, mud, and stone. They also used some materials that we use today, like concrete. Some Roman houses had a bathroom, plumbing, and heating.

过去有些人用石头建造房子，因为石头很坚固。 穷人住在只有一个房间的小房子里。 重要的富人建造石头城堡居住。 这些花了很多年才建成。 古希腊人把泥砖放在石头上面盖房子。 屋顶通常是用瓦片做的。 印加人生活在秘鲁。他们用石块盖房子。 每一块砖都经过精心切割和抛光，所以房子完工后看起来很棒。 这些房子的屋顶是用稻草做成的。 发现!印加城墙之所以坚固，是因为石块之间有空隙。 当发生地震时，石块移动了，但是墙没有倒!中国古人建造木制房屋。 他们的屋顶很长，是用一种叫竹子的木头做的。 许多中国房屋建在平台上，以保护木材不受水的侵害。 古罗马人用木头、泥土和石头建造房屋。 他们还使用了一些我们今天使用的材料，比如混凝土。 一些罗马房屋有浴室、管道和暖气。

Chapter 2 Homes Today Some people today live in homes made of natural materials like mud, stone, or wood. Many people live in homes made of man- made materials like concrete, bricks, plastic, and glass. What is your home made of? Homes in the City In big cities many people live in apartments. These are homes on one floor of a bigger building. Some apartments are above shops or in old houses. Others are in tall buildings called skyscrapers. Apartments are often built on top of each other in one building because there isn't enough land for a lot of houses. Some houses in towns are built together in a row. These are called row houses, or terraced houses. They are narrow so you can build many on one street. Other Homes Outside the city there is more land for homes. People often have gardens or land to grow vegetables. Some people live in big houses detached from each other. Detached houses have space all around them. Other people live in houses called bungalows, or ranch houses. These are detached houses with all the rooms on one floor. The old building below is called a cottage. It is made of bricks and has a thatched roof. People in many parts of the world build homes with thatched roofs.

今天有些人住在用泥、石头或木头等天然材料建造的房子里。 许多人住在人造材料建造的房子里，如混凝土、砖、塑料和玻璃。 你的家是用什么做的? 在大城市里，许多人住在公寓里。 这些房子位于一栋更大的建筑的一层。 有些公寓在商店上面或在老房子里。 还有一些在摩天大楼里。 由于没有足够的土地建很多房子，所以公寓通常建在一栋楼的顶部。 城镇里的一些房子是连成一排的。 这些被称为排屋或排屋。 它们很窄，所以你可以在一条街上建很多。 城外有更多的土地可供居住。 人们通常有花园或土地来种植蔬菜。 有些人住在彼此分开的大房子里。 独立的房子周围都有空间。 其他人住在平房或牧场屋。 这些都是独立的房子，所有的房间都在一层。 下面的那座老房子叫农舍。 它是砖砌的，有一个茅草屋顶。 世界上许多地方的人们用茅草屋顶盖房子。