37 L4-Incredible Earth

Oxford Read and Discover level 4 Incredible Earth by Richard Northcott

牛津阅读和发现4级不可思议的地球由理查德·诺斯科特

Introduction Don't go near! This is a volcano, and it's erupting. Volcanoes are dangerous, but they are beautiful, too. There are many other incredible places on Earth— high mountains, great rivers, big deserts... What is the highest mountain on Earth? What is the biggest hot desert? What is the deepest lake? What incredible places do you know? Discover! Now read and discover more about our incredible Earth!

不要靠近!这是一座火山，它正在喷发。 火山很危险，但也很美丽。 地球上还有许多其他令人难以置信的地方——高山、大河、大沙漠…… 地球上最高的山是哪座? 最大的炎热沙漠是哪里? 最深的湖是什么?你知道哪些不可思议的地方? 发现!现在阅读和发现更多关于我们不可思议的地球!

Chapter 1 Earth's Crust Earth is round, like an orange. Oranges have a skin and Earth has a skin, too. We call this skin Earth's crust. Under the crust there is very hot rock. Earth's crust has different pieces. These pieces move very, very slowly. Millions of years ago, the pieces moved and made mountains. Under mountains the crust is thick, but under the ocean it's thinner. When two pieces of the crust move and meet, there can be earthquakes. A volcano is a hole in Earth's crust. When a volcano erupts, hot rock flies out from under the ground, and melted rock pours out over the ground. Volcanoes under the ocean sometimes make new islands. In 1963, a volcano in the Atlantic Ocean made a new island called Surtsey. There are many different rocks in Earth's crust. They are millions of years old. The rocks are often different colors. In the Painted Desert in Arizona in the USA, you can see the different rocks.

地球是圆的，像个橘子。 橘子有皮，地球也有皮。 我们把这层皮称为地壳。 地壳下面是非常热的岩石。 地壳由不同的部分组成。 这些碎片移动得非常非常慢。 数百万年前，这些碎片移动并形成了山脉。 在山脉之下，地壳很厚，但在海洋之下，地壳更薄。 当两块地壳移动并相遇时，就会发生地震。 火山是地壳上的一个洞。 当火山爆发时，热岩石从地下飞出，融化的岩石倾泻在地面上。 海底的火山有时会形成新的岛屿。 1963年，大西洋上的一座火山形成了一个新的岛屿，叫做苏尔特塞岛。 地壳中有许多不同的岩石。 它们有数百万年的历史。 岩石通常是不同的颜色。 在美国亚利桑那州的彩绘沙漠，你可以看到不同的岩石。

Chapter 2 Oceans On Earth there is more ocean than land. The Pacific Ocean is the biggest ocean. It's bigger than Africa! Did you know that there are mountains and valleys under the ocean? Some of these mountains are bigger than the biggest mountains on land. In the deepest parts of the ocean, the water is 10 kilometers deep. The water in the ocean is always moving. Waves hit the land and break the rocks. Sometimes, big pieces of rock fall into the ocean. They leave big cliffs, like the beautiful Uluwatu Cliffs in Bali in Indonesia. Where the ocean is warm, we sometimes find coral. Coral is made of millions of very small animals that make hard covers around themselves. When the animals die, the hard covers make the coral reef. The Great Barrier Reef near Australia is the biggest coral reef in the world. It's 2,600 kilometers long. Sea turtles, dolphins, and many other amazing animals live there. Discover! In some places, where the coral reef is very big, it comes out of the water. It makes a small island.

地球上的海洋比陆地多。 太平洋是最大的海洋。 它比非洲还大!你知道海洋下面有高山和山谷吗? 其中一些山比陆地上最大的山还要大。 在海洋的最深处，水有10公里深。 海洋里的水一直在流动。 海浪冲击着陆地，击碎岩石。 有时，大块的岩石落入海洋。 他们留下了巨大的悬崖，比如印度尼西亚巴厘岛美丽的乌鲁瓦图悬崖。 在海洋温暖的地方，我们有时会发现珊瑚。 珊瑚是由数以百万计的小动物组成的，它们在自己周围形成了坚硬的覆盖物。 动物死后，坚硬的覆盖物就形成了珊瑚礁。 澳大利亚附近的大堡礁是世界上最大的珊瑚礁。 它有2600公里长。 海龟、海豚和许多其他神奇的动物生活在那里。 发现!在一些地方，珊瑚礁非常大，它从水里出来。 它形成了一个小岛。

Chapter 3 Rivers and Waterfalls Rivers usually begin as streams in mountains. The water comes from rain or snow. All rivers then go to the ocean. Big rivers are very strong. When the ground under a river is soft, the river makes valleys. When the ground under it is hard rock, there are waterfalls or rapids. One incredible waterfall is the Iguazu Falls between Argentina and Brazil. Iguazu means 'big water' in an old language of South America. There's more water in the River Amazon than in any other river in the world. It begins in the mountains in Peru and Ecuador. Then it goes through the rainforest in Brazil, and to the Atlantic Ocean. There are no bridges on the Amazon. First, the river goes through rainforest and there are no roads. Then, near the ocean, the river is very wide so people can't build bridges. They cross the river by boat. Discover! The Amazon is the home of one of the longest snakes, called anacondas. Some grow to 9 meters long.

第三章河流与瀑布河流通常起源于山间的溪流。 水来自雨或雪。 所有的河流都流入海洋。 大河很湍急。 当河底的土地松软时，河流就会形成山谷。 当它下面的地面是坚硬的岩石时，就会有瀑布或急流。 阿根廷和巴西之间的伊瓜苏瀑布是一个令人难以置信的瀑布。 伊瓜苏在南美洲的一种古老语言中是“大水”的意思。 亚马逊河的水量比世界上任何一条河都要多。 它起源于秘鲁和厄瓜多尔的山区。 然后穿过巴西的雨林，进入大西洋。 亚马逊河上没有桥。 首先，这条河穿过雨林，没有道路。 然后，在靠近海洋的地方，河水很宽，所以人们不能建造桥梁。 他们坐船过河。 发现!亚马逊是世界上最长的蛇之一——水蟒的家园。 有些能长到9米长。