32 L4-All About Ocean Life

Oxford Read and Discover level 4 All About Ocean Life by Rachel Bladon

牛津大学阅读和发现4级所有关于海洋生物的Rachel Bladon

Introduction A lot of Earth is covered by saltwater oceans. The oceans are home to many types of life, from the smallest plants to the biggest whales. What do you know about oceans? Which mammals live in the oceans? Which animals can you find in icy oceans? Discover! Now read and discover more about wonderful ocean life!

地球上很多地方都被咸水海洋覆盖着。 海洋是多种生物的家园，从最小的植物到最大的鲸鱼。 你对海洋了解多少? 哪些哺乳动物生活在海洋中? 在冰冷的海洋里你能找到哪些动物? 发现!现在阅读和发现更多关于美妙的海洋生物!

Chapter 1 Oceans of the World There are five oceans, and they cover about 70 percent (%) of Earth. Oceans and their seashores are different all around the world. On the Arctic Ocean and the Southern Ocean there's a lot of ice in winter. In warm tropical oceans you can find colorful coral reefs, where very many plants, fish, and other animals live. An ocean is always moving because of waves, currents, and tides. When the wind blows over the water, it makes waves. Currents are large amounts of warm or cold water that move around the ocean. An ocean also moves up the seashore and back again two times a day. These movements are called tides. Living in the ocean is very different to living on land. Ocean plants and animals have special ways of breathing, eating, moving, and keeping safe. Discover! The blue whale is the biggest animal in the world. It can be more than 30 meters long! It moves well in the ocean because the water holds it up.

第一章世界的海洋世界上有五个海洋，它们覆盖了地球表面积的70%。 世界各地的海洋及其海岸各不相同。 在北冰洋和南大洋上，冬天有很多冰。 在温暖的热带海洋中，你可以找到五颜六色的珊瑚礁，那里生活着许多植物、鱼类和其他动物。 由于波浪、海流和潮汐，海洋总是在移动。 当风吹过水面时，就会产生波浪。 洋流是指在海洋中流动的大量温水或冷水。 海洋也会一天两次在海岸上来回移动。 这些运动被称为潮汐。 生活在海洋里和生活在陆地上是非常不同的。 海洋植物和动物有特殊的呼吸、进食、移动和安全方式。 发现!蓝鲸是世界上最大的动物。 它可以超过30米长!它在海洋中移动得很好，因为水把它托起。

Chapter 2 Who Eats What? In the ocean there are lots of very small animals and plants called plankton. The plankton live near the top of the ocean because they need sunlight. Small fish eat plankton. Big animals eat the small fish. Then even bigger animals eat them! So plankton are important for almost every ocean animal. This is called a food chain. Animals that eat other animals are called predators. The animals that they eat are called prey. Most sharks are predators. Sharks can swim very fast to catch their prey. Discover! The whale shark is the biggest fish in the world. It's as long as a bus. It has no teeth, so it only eats plankton and small shrimps. Lots of seaweed called kelp grows near the seashore. The kelp is a safe home for many fish. Sea urchins eat kelp, and sea otters eat a lot of sea urchins. So sea otters help to keep enough kelp in the ocean for the fish to live in.

第二章谁吃什么?在海洋里有许多被称为浮游生物的非常小的动物和植物。 浮游生物生活在海洋顶部附近，因为它们需要阳光。 小鱼吃浮游生物。大动物吃小鱼。 然后更大的动物会吃掉它们!所以浮游生物对几乎所有海洋动物都很重要。 这被称为食物链。 吃其他动物的动物被称为掠食者。 它们吃的动物被称为猎物。 大多数鲨鱼是食肉动物。 鲨鱼可以游得很快来捕捉猎物。 发现!鲸鲨是世界上最大的鱼。 它和公共汽车一样长。它没有牙齿，所以它只吃浮游生物和小虾。 海岸附近生长着许多叫海带的海藻。 海带是许多鱼类的安全家园。 海胆吃海带，海獭吃很多海胆。 所以海獭帮助在海洋中保持足够的海带供鱼生活。

Chapter 3 The Seashore There's a lot of ocean life near the seashore because the water here is full of food. Many birds, fish, and shellfish live and feed near the seashore. The seashore is not always a safe place. Big waves can throw animals onto rocks or carry them away. At low tide, animals and plants can easily dry out in the sun. Limpets are animals that have a special strong foot that holds onto rocks. This keeps them safe from big waves. They also have a hard shell so they don't dry out. Most trees can't live in salty ocean water, but mangrove trees grow on the seashore in tropical places. They have special roots so they can live in salt water. Many fish and other animals live under the roots of mangrove trees. Under the water, sea anemones use their long tentacles to catch food and to sting their predators. At low tide, they pull their tentacles in so they don't dry out.

海岸附近有很多海洋生物，因为这里的水里充满了食物。 许多鸟、鱼和贝类在海岸附近生活和觅食。 海滨并不总是一个安全的地方。 大浪可以把动物扔到岩石上或把它们带走。 退潮时，动物和植物很容易在太阳下晒干。 帽贝是一种有特别强壮的脚可以抓住岩石的动物。 这使它们免受大浪的侵袭。 它们也有坚硬的外壳，所以它们不会变干。 大多数树木不能生活在咸的海水中，但红树林生长在热带地区的海滨。 它们有特殊的根，所以它们能在盐水中生存。 许多鱼类和其他动物生活在红树林的树根下。 在水下，海葵用它们长长的触须捕捉食物并刺痛捕食者。 在退潮时，它们会把触角收起来，这样它们就不会干了。